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Microm442! > Lc 11 > Flashcards

Lc 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of staphylococci

A

Gram positive cocci

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2
Q

They grow in _________

A

Clusters

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3
Q

Staph’s characteristics

A

*Non-motile, non-spore forming
* facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

Facultative anaerobe does ____respiration
They do _____without _____

A

Aerobic,fermentation, oxygen

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5
Q

All staphylococci are……
So can differentiate from other gram positive cocci

A

Catalase positive

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6
Q

Is ROS toxic to bacteria?

A

Yes

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7
Q

All Staphylococcus detoxifies ROS.

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is catalase test?

A

Add peroxide(h2o2) to culture,
And if staphylococcus is present , then bubbles will show up

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9
Q

How do you differentiate different species of staphylococcus?

A

phenotype on blood agar ,coagulase test, mannitol fermentation, and rapid diagnostic test

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10
Q

There are two types of things that can be seen on blood agar by different species of staph.
What are they and explain it.

A

Pigment production: s.aureus is gold, s.epidermidis is white

Hemolysis: s. Aureus is beta-hemolytic and s.epidermid is is gamma hemolytic

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11
Q

Explain two types of coagulase in staph.

A

Surface bound and extracellular and they both contribute
to blood clotting

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12
Q

Coagulase slide test:
one with 듬성듬성 clots—> ?
one with opaque stain —>?

Tube test:

Liquid —>?
Clot—>?

A

Slide test : +,-
Tube test : -,+

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13
Q

Most staph species are coagulase negative except for…

A

S.aureus and S.argenteus

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14
Q

Does staph.aureus ferment mannitol?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are the selective and differential characteristic features that mannitol salt agar shows for staph.aureus?

A

Selective: all staphylococcus can grow in high concentrations of salt.

Differential: differentiate by color ( gold) —> pH indicator( phenol red) will turn gold

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16
Q

Why is stph.aureus yellow in blood agar ?
And is that a virulence factor?

A

Due to staphyloxanthin, and yes it is virulence factor.

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17
Q

What is the main colonization area of s. Aureus?

A

Anterior nares ( nose picking area)

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18
Q

What are the virulence factors of s.aureus?

A

Adhesins, invasins, immune evasion, miscellaneous toxins,

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19
Q

Name three types of adhesins and their subtypes

A

MSCRAMM ( protein A) - surface bound , host attachment factor —> vWFplatelets

SERAM (Eap) - secretable adhesive molecule, host attachment factor —> fibrinogen, fibronectin

Teichoic acid

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20
Q

What does invasins do and name three components of invasins and their types

A

Invasins lyse cells and promote spread

Cytolytic toxic :pore forming
-hemolysins ( lyse erythrocytes and other mammalian cells), Panton Valentine Leukocidin ( lyse neutrophils and macrophages)

Exoenzymes : spreading
Degrade host cell components

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21
Q

Name three types of immune evasion and their functions

Study These Flashcards
A

Protein A - impair phagocytosis ( binds to Fc portion of antibodies impairing phagocytosis)

Staphyloxanthin, catalase- detoxify reactive oxygen species

Hemolysins( alpha), panton valentine leukocidin - lyse immune cells or inhibit cell migration and recruitment

22
Q

Name three types of miscellaneous toxins and their functions

Study These Flashcards
A

Exfoliative toxins( ETA)

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)- ex. Superantigens

Staphylococcal enterotoxins ( SEA, B, C, D E, G, H, I ) - ex. Superantigens

23
Q

What are the three s.aureus infections?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cutaneous, systemic, toxigenic

24
Q

Rank severity of cutaneous infection from lowest to highest.

Study These Flashcards
A

Superficial folliculitis, deep folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle

25
Describe folliculitis
Superficial infection of hair follicles. Clusters of small red bumps
26
Non bullous impetigo
Superficial skin infection! Honey colored bubble like epidermal swelling
27
Explain furuncle( boil)
Skin abscess with pus
28
Explain carbuncle
Aggregate of connected furuncles. Several pustular openings
29
List systemic infections
Bacteremia, septic arthritis, infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia
30
What kind of infection is bacteremia? What is its characteristic?
Bloodstream infection, incidence increases w age with high mortality rate
31
Septic arthritis what kind of infection + function
Infection of joint cavity causing inflammation, swollen joints
32
Explain infective endocarditis +function
Infection of endocardium ( lining of heart chamber , valve) Heart disease, flu like symptoms
33
Explain osteomyelitis +function
Infection of bone or bone marrow, mainly in children , common site is metaphysis of long bone,
34
Explain pneumonia +function
Infection of the lungs, community acquired: aspiration Hospital acquired:mechanically ventilated patients PV leukocidin
35
List toxigenic diseases
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, bullous impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal food poisoning
36
Explain ssss + characteristics
Affects newborns,exfoliative toxins that cause epidermal- dermal separation ( desquamation)
37
Explain bullous impetigo + characteristics
Localized form of ssss, exfoliative toxin ETA, fluid filled vesicles and blisters ( bullae)
38
Explain TSS, + characteristics
Menstrual TSS- s.aureus multiplies in tampons , TSST-1 absorbed and enters bloodstream, Nonmenstrual TSS- most cases in women (75%)
39
Staphylococcal food poisoning ( SFP) + characteristics
Food borne disease, staphylococcal enterotoxins,— > resistant to heat, acid
40
Explain coagulase negative staph.
Do not ferment mannitol, majority isolates gamma hemolytic
41
Is coNS important nosocomial pathogen? Also what does commensal—> pathogens infection called?
Yes, opportunistic infections
42
Name all the virulence factors of s.epidermidis
Adhesins, accumulation factors( biolfilm formation), exoenzymes, immune escape
43
What are the types of adhesins in s. Epidermidis?
Hydrophobic surfaces( polystyrene), host matrix proteins ( MSCRAMMs)
44
Types of accumulation factors
Exopolysaccharide ( PIA), accumulation associated protein ( Aap)
45
List two exoenzymes
Lipase, protease
46
Is s.epidermidis the most common species in cons infections?
Yes
47
What are some other CoNs s?
S.haemolyticus, S.saprophyricus, S.lugdunensis
48
S.haemolyticus characteristics
Virulence factor: cytotoxin ( hemolysin) Highest level of anitbiotics resistance among the coNs
49
S.saprophyticus. Characteristics
Important UTI pathogens Virulence factors: enzyme ( urease) urease hydrolysis
50
S.lugdunensis characteristic
Severe infections similar to S.aureus Virulence factor: s.lugdunensis synergistic hemolysins ( SLUSH) Infections: infective endocarditis

Microm442! (8 decks)

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