LCDMI memorise (World Order) Flashcards
(100 cards)
Conventions - Geneva Convention
Outlines the conduct of hostilities - Since 1949 it has universal ratification with 194 signatories and it is protected by the ICRC thus giving it heightened abilities and full protection of the ICRC
ICRC website - Genevea convention effective - special and formally
“The special role of the ICRC is now formally recognised by practically all world states”
Geneva convention ineffective
Both Russia and Ukraine are parties to the Geneva convention which outlines that civilians are never to be targets of war and have to be avoided at all cost
Geneva - Russia and Ukraine
As of Sept 2023 the United Nations Huamn rights commission has verified that there has been ~26,000 casualties
Geneva Russia and Ukraine disobeying treaties
Zelenskey was quoted by Urkriniform stating “Since 2014 Russia has violated 400 different international treaties in which our states are parties” (2023 Urkinifrom)
Treaties - Nuclear Non-Proliferation of Treaty - Date - signatories - what it achieves
1986 has 190 signatories - fostering compliance and dialogue between countries while also creating accountability for violations
Non Proliferation treaty - Ineffective
The North Korean government stated on its official news agency that “We are no longer bound by the NPT, allowing the security and dignity of our nation to not be infringed upon” (SMH 2003)
Non Proliferation treaty - Ban Ki Moon statement
“In the four decades since the Treatys inception there has only been one case of withdrawal (North Korea) and the International response has been unequivocal and clear” (UN pres conference 2010)
Chemical weapons convention - parties - US quote
Has 193 parties and as of this year the ‘US has destroyed the last of its chemical stockpile’
Chemical Weapons Convention ineffective
‘UN watchdog has confirmed mustard gas attack on Syria’ - “UN human rights watch has accused presidnet Assad of dropping chroline filled bombs over a rebel held area’
The ICJ
The ICJ is an international court that hears two types of cases - Issues between states that disrupt world order - Provoiding advisory opinions
Benin v Niger - ICJ
The ICJ settled the boarder dispute between these states, N was awarded “majority of 25 disputed islands” and “both governments vowed to abide by the ICJs decision” (The New Humanitarian 2005)
What do ICJ rulings act as
This ICJ proceeding act as a persuasive device to encourage states to resolve issues before trial
Australia stolen documents negative media ICJ
Once Australian espionage and stolen documents belonging to Timor-leste was taken to the ICJ there was extreme negative publicity which caused Australia to return the information almost immediately and “prompted the discontinuation of the ICJ cas” (Guardian 2015)
Nicaragua v US
Nicaragua brought a suit against the United States on the ground that the United States was responsible for illegal military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua.
- The United States refused to participate in the proceedings, arguing that the ICJ lacked jurisdiction to hear the case.
Myanmars violation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of genocide 1948 - what did the ICJ do
The ICJ imposed “Provisional measures” to be enforced by the UNSC - hence effectively targeting this atrocity (Human rights Watch 2020)
ICJ Myanmar ineffective (Aljezerra 2022)
Despite this ruling “laying the groundwork for accountability within Myanmar” it is “only significant as the political will of the international community” (Aljzerra feb 2022)
The UN purpose
the main purpose of the UN is the maintenance of peace and security
The UN general assembly recommendations - under what legislation and provide quote
The UN can make recommendations under Articles 10 and 14 of the UN charter but it is a non binding measurement meaning they lack “any real coercive authority” (E-internaitonal relations 2016)
The UN general assembly recommendations Pt 2
Meanwhile building up international pressure - Resoultionn 1781 “Formally condemned Apartheid in South Africa” (HuffPost 2013)
The UN Security Council (resolutions - under what article)
Resolutions made by the security council are binding according to article 25 of the UN charter
What do UNSC resoultions do (laws and action)
Place pressure on the UN states to reform laws and instigate actions to follow the resolution
UNSC law reform example
UNSC resoultion 1373 was adopted unaniomusly following the 911 terrorist attacks - it mandated UN members to “Surpress terrorism by implementing targeted financial sanctions in relation to persons involved in terrorist activities” - which none voted against or abstaiend
UN passing resoultions difficults
When the resoultion involves a member of the P5 - Syria conflict - Russia vetoed 2018 UN draft to “investigate chemical weapons in Syria” (RTE 2018) - utilising state soverginty to prevent consequences of violating the CWC
