((L.E #3)) Respiratory System #1 + Pharynx/Larynx Flashcards
(24 cards)
Purpose of Respiratory System
- Vocalization
- Gas Exchange (O2 in CO2 out = aerobic cellular respiration)
- pH Balance
What system controls the Respiratory System
controlled by the Nervous System
- pons + medulla oblongata regulates how/often we breathe
(list the) Processes involved with Respiration
- Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)
- External Respiration
- Transport of Gases
- Internal Respiration
Pulmonary Ventilation
:One of the processes involved with Respiration
- deals with the transportation of the gases from and out the lungs
– Inspiration: aka “inhale” taking gases moving INTO the lung – Expiration: aka “exhalation”gases OUT of the lung
- relies on the diaphragm + intercostals (between ribs)
Diaphragm
- characteristics
Major breathing muscle
- controlled by the phrenic nerve
External Respiration
:One of the processes involved with Respiration
- deals with the diffusion (high to low conc.) of gases
ex:
O2 diffuses from the lung INTO the blood
CO2 diffuses blood INTO the lungs
Transport of Gases
:One of the processes involved with Respiration
-Heart (pumping gases) + vessels
- >O2 on the hemoglobin of RBC
-> CO2 from cells to lungs
Internal Respiration
:One of the processes involved with Respiration
- deals with the diffusion of O2 from the RBC into the cells of the body
- or for CO2 it is diffused from the cells into the blood
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
- Nasal Cavity
- Respiratory Pathway
Nasal Cavity (a)natomy)
(A) Conchae, Superior, Middle, Inferior
- ALL composed of capillarie beds + goblet cells (lining those bones)
- it humidifies warm/clean the air we breathe
(A) –> Paranasal sinuses
[frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary]
- function is to lighten the skull + humidify warm/clean air
~ Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinus due to a bacterial infection causing pressure (headache)
~ Cold Virus: allergens (ex. cat dander) inflammation of the nasal mucosa causing lots of drainage/mucus
Function of Antihistamine
dry up the mucus membranes
Respiratory Pathway (order)
Nasal cavity > sinuses > pharynx (throat) > larynx (voicbox) > trachea (windpipe) > primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > brochioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory brochioles > alveolar ducts > alveoli (air sacs, gas exchange occurs)
Trends During Respiratory Pathway
- Decrease in diameter size of the passageway
- trachea (dime diameter) > alveolar duct (hair follicle size) - Change in Tissue
- trachea (hyaline cartilage), bronchioles (smooth muscle) - Changes in the Lining
- Trachea, Bronchioles, Alveoli
Trachea is lined with what?
lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/goblet cells “air filter” catch debris
Bronchioles is lined with what?
simple cuboidal epithelium, doenst act as a filter
Alveoli is lined with what?
simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange to occur (rapid diffusion)
Parts of the Pharynx aka “throat
- Nasopharynx: starts at the back of nose and ends where the uvula is at
- includes the Eustachian tube - Oropharynx: back of mouth
- includes palatine tonsils - Laryngopharynx: a common passageway for food/gases + strep throat
Parts of Larynx “voicebox”
: supported by the hyoid bone + consists of hyaline cartilage
- Thyroid Cartilage: has the laryngeal prominence “adams apple”
- Circoid Cartilage
- Vocal Cords
Major piece of cartilage that is really functional:
- Epiglottis ; covers the glottis (an opening in the larynx)
Epiglottis characteristics
helps prevent choking
- when swallowing the epiglottis covers the glottis and directs food into the esophagus
- epiglottis up = breathing position
- epiglottis down = swallowing
Choking Solutions
choke = lodge in the glottis
1. Hemilich maneuver
2. Tracheotomy: vertical incision into trachea
Vocal Cords in the Larynx
: made up of elastic connective tissue which vibrates
- Puberty: causes tissue to thicken especially in males
- False Cords: outside the vocal cords by supporting them
Laryngitis:
: an inflammation of the True Vocal Cords = decrease ability to vibrate the cords causing a “hoarse voice”
Laryngeal Cancer:
: cancer of the larynx due to smoking or poor air quality
- removal of the larynx is necessary
Characteristics of the Trachea “windpipe”
- 4-6 inches long
- acts as an air filter, purifying air we breathe
- C shaped cartilage rings
- moves mucus/particulates up the pharynx to either spit out or swallow
