Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Functional Anatomy > LE Hip Region > Flashcards

LE Hip Region Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

superficial fascia

A

subcutaneous fascia

  • lies deep to skin
  • loose connective tissue
  • contains fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial viens, and lymphatics
  • continuous with the fascia of inferior, anterolateral abdominal wall and buttocks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deep fascia

A

fascia lata

  • dense layer of CT b/t subcutaneous tissue and the muscle
  • non-elastic
  • especially strong in LE (encircles limb like stocking)
  • prevents bulging of muscle during contraction making more efficient
  • continuous with deep fascia of leg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bones of pelvis

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gluteus maximus attachment

A

from: post. ilium to post, gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament
to: iliotibial tract (that inserts on lateral tibia condyle), some fibers to gluteal tuberosity of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

extend thigh, extension of trunk with LE are fixed, assists in lateral rotation of thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gluteus medius attachment

A

from: external surface of ilium b/t ant. and post. gluteal lines
to: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gluteus medius action

A
  • abd thigh and rotates thigh (ant. fibers- IR, abd; post. fibers- ER, abd)
  • abd of pelvis
  • levels pelvis when opposite leg is raised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

trendelenburg

A

strength deficits of gluteus medius leading to a pelvis drop gait on the contralateral leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gluteus minimus attachment

A

from: external surface of ilium b/t ant. and inf. gluteal lines
to: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gluteus minimus action

A
  • abd and IR thigh

- abd pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

piriformis attachment

A

from: ant. surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
to: superior border of greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

piriformis action

A
  • ER of extended/neutral thigh
  • abd flexed thigh
  • steadies the femoral head in acetabulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

piriformis innervation

A

N. to piriformis (S1*, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

piriformis syndrom etiology/some possibilities

A
  • hypertrophy, inflammation, or spasm of piriformis m.
  • direct trauma resulting in hematoma and scarring
  • females: males, 6:1
  • anatomical abnormalities like a split piriformis m.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

referral pain location of piriformis syndrom

A

post. buttock and may radiate down post. thigh

- inc. by contraction of piriformis m., prolonged sitting, direct pressure applied to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

differential diagnosis of piriformis syndrome

A

lumbar radiculopathy or lumbar spine referred pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

obturator internus attachment

A

from: pelvis surface of obturator membrane and surrounding pelvic bones
to: medial surface of greater trochanter of the femur, blending with the gemelli ms. insertion at trochanteric fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

obturator internus action

A
  • ER of extended thigh
  • abd flexed thigh
  • steadies femoral head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

N. to obturator internus & superior gemellus (L5, S1*)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

superior gemelli attachment

A

from: ischeal spine
to: medial surface of greater trochanter with inf. gemelli & obturator internus at the trochanteric fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inferior gemelli attachment

A

from: ischeal tuberocity
to: medial surface of the greater trochanter with the inf. gemelli & obturator internus at the trochanteric fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gemeli ms. action
- ER of extended thigh - abd flexed thigh - steadies the femur
26
superior gemelli innervation
N. to obturator internus & superior gemellus (L5, S1*)
27
inferior gemelli innervation
N. to quadratus femoris & inf. gemellus (L5, S1)
28
quadratus femoris attachment
from: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity to: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur (just inf. to it)
29
quadratus femoris action
- ER of thigh | - Steadies femoral head
30
quadratus femoris innervation
N. to quadratus femoris & inf. gemellus (L5, S1)
31
obturator externus attachment
from: margins of obturator foramen & obturator membrane to: trochanteric fossa of the femur
32
obturator externus action
- ER of thigh - steadies head of the femur - assists in add
33
obturator externus innervation
obturator N. -post. division (L3, L4*)
34
deep ER of the thigh
- piriformis - obturator internus - superior gemelli - inferior gemelli - quadratus femoris - obturator externus
35
femur head orientation
superomedially and slightly anterior
36
femur neck orientation
attaches at the head to the femoral shaft/body at the intertrochanteric line
37
intertrochanteric line
- anterior line b/t greater and lesser trochanter - base of the neck of femur - transition from neck to the shaft - common fracture site
38
angle of inclination
angel bt/t long axis of neck/head & long axis of shaft - normal angle average= 126 degrees (115-140) - carries with age (greater in toddlers until ambulation) - may be changed by pathology that weekend the neck
39
coxa vera
angle of inclination is diminished (<126 degrees)
40
coxa valga
angle of inclination is increased (>126 degrees)
41
anterior femur orientation
``` greater trochanter- extends laterally lesser trochanter- extends posteromedially intertrochanteric line- joins trochanters anteriorly trachanteric fossa- posteriorly body- bowed slightly anteriorly femoral condyles- medial and lateral patellar surface- on femoral condyles lateral and medial epicondyles ```
42
posterior femur orientation
intertrochanteric crest- joins trochanters posteriorly quadrate tubercle- rounded elevation on the intertrochanteric crest gluteal tuberosity- gluteus maximus insertion linea aspera- lateral/medial lip spiral line- vast medialis suprachondylar lines- lateral and medial intercondylar fossa/notch adductor tubercle
43
angle of anterversion
the plane of the femoral neck and head lies anterior to the plane of the femoral condyles
44
normal angle of anterversion
15 degrees in adults | 31 degrees in infancy
45
frequent cause of "in- toeing"
excessive femoral anterversion
46
femoral anterversion
- frequent cause of "in-toeing" in children ages 3-10 - affected limb IR - more common in females - appears worse with running and at the end of the day (when fatigued) - will dec. naturally in 99% of cases - special shoes, twister cables, and braces make no difference in outcome
47
hip joint characteristics
- ball and socket - tri-axial - acetabular labrum (fibrocartilageinous ring deepends the cup)
48
fovea
pit in the head of the femur where the ligament theres attaches - contains a small artery to the head of the femur
49
iliofemoral ligament
- "Y" ligament - from AIIS to intertrochanteric line - strongest ligament - anterior - becomes taut with hyperextension of hip
50
pubofemoral ligament
- runs anterior and inferior - from superior rams of pubis to intertrochanteric line - becomes taut with hyperextension and abduction of hip joint
51
ischiofemoral ligament
- arises posteriorly - spirals superolaterally to anterior femoral neck - becomes taut with hyperextension of hip
52
blood supply to the femoral head/neck
- ligamentum teres acetabular branch of the obturator artery - medial circumflex femoral artery
53
what ligament do parapledgic patients "stand" or hang on when using axillary crutches
iliofemoral ligaments
54
posterior thigh muscles function
- extension at the hip | - flexion at the knee
55
bursa
membranous sacs lined with synovial membrane, located in areas that are subject to friction
56
ischial bursa
separates glut max from ischial tuberosity
57
iliopsoas bursa
separates joint from muscle
58
trochanteric bursa
separates glut max from greater trochanter
59
gluteofemoral bursa
separates the iliotibial band from superior portion of vests lateralis
60
hamstring musculature
- semitendinosis - semimembranosus - biceps femoris
61
semitendinosis attachment
from: the ischial tuberosity to: the medial surface of superior tibia (pes ancerinus)
62
semimembranosus attachment
from: ischial tuberosity to: posterior part of the medial tibial condyle and a reflected attachment to the oblique popliteal ligament
63
biceps femoris long head attachment
from: ischial tuberosity to: lateral head of fibula
64
biceps femoris short head attachment
from: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur to: lateral head of fibula
65
hamstrings action (semitendinosis and semimembranosis)
- extends the hip - flexes knee - IR leg - extends trunk (in closed kinematic chain)
66
biceps femurs long and short head action
- extends the hip (long only) - flexes the knee - ER leg
67
biceps femoris long head innervation
tibial portion of sciatic n. (L5*, S1*, S2)
68
biceps femoris short head innervation
common fibular perennial portion of sciatic n. (L5, S1*, S2)
69
popliteal fossa borders
superiorly- hamstrings inferiorly- 2 heads of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle posteriorly- skin and fascia anteriorly- popliteal surface of femur, clique popliteal ligament, popliteal fascia over popliteus
70
plantaris attachment
from: inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament to: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon
71
popliteal fossa contents
- popliteal arteries and veins - lesser saphenous vein - tibial and common perennial nerves - posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (inn skin overlying fossa) - popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
72
when does the femoral artery change to the popliteal artery
when it passes through the adductor hiatus
73
femoral artery
- supplies ant. and anterolateral surface of thigh | - continuation of the external iliac after after crossing the inguinal ligament
74
profunda femoral artery (deep femoral a.)
- arises from femoral artery near inguinal ligament - gives rise to perforating branches throughout add magnus m. - supples post., lat., and ant. aspect of thigh
75
medial femoral circumflex artery
arises from profunda femoral a. (can also arise form femoral a.) - supplies blood to head and neck of femur via posterior retinacular a. - terminates by dividing into ascending/transverse branches
76
lateral femoral circumflex artery
- arises from profunda femoral a. (but can arise from femoral a.) - supplies lateral hip muscles - ascending to gluteal region, transverse around femur, descending to the knee
77
retinacular arteries
- arising from medial femoral circumflex arteries | - main supply to the hip joint

Functional Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions