LEA Final Flashcards
(298 cards)
1
Q
extensor hallucis brevis: origin
A
sinus tarsi, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, stem of IER
2
Q
extensor hallucis brevis: insertion
A
dorsum of base of 1st proximal phalanx
3
Q
extensor digitorum brevis: origin
A
sinus tarsi, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, stem of IER
4
Q
extensor digitorum brevis: insertion
A
into lateral side of EDL at level of base of proximal phalanges 2-4, blends w/ extensor hood
5
Q
EDB, EHB innervation
A
lateral terminal branch of deep peroneal nerve
6
Q
abductor hallucis: origin
A
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
7
Q
abductor hallucis: insertion
A
- fibers blend w/ medial tendon of FHB and extensor hood
- insert on medioplantar aspect of base of 1st proximal phalanx
8
Q
flexor digitorum brevis: origin
A
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
9
Q
flexor digitorum brevis: insertion
A
- divides into 2 parts at base of proximal phalanx
- reunites at head of proximal phalanx, inserts at shaft of middle phalanx
10
Q
FDB, abductor hallucis: innervation
A
medial plantar nerve prior to division
11
Q
abductor digiti minimi: origin
A
medial and lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity
12
Q
abductor digiti minimi: insertion
A
lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx
13
Q
AbDM, QP innervation
A
lateral plantar nerve prior to division
14
Q
quadratus plantae: origin
A
medial head: medial surface of calcaneus, below groove for tendon of FHL
lateral head: inferior surface of calcaneus, distal to lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
15
Q
the two QP heads are split by the
A
long plantar ligament
16
Q
quadratus plantae: insertion
A
heads join and insert into tendon of FDL
17
Q
lumbricals: origin
A
1st: medial side of 1st tendon of FDL
2nd: adjacent sides of 1st, 2nd tendons of FDL
3rd: adjacent sides of 2nd, 3rd tendons of FDL
4th: adjacent sides of 3rd, 4th tendons of FDL
18
Q
lumbricals: insertion
A
medial side of extensor wing, extensor trifurcation of respective tendon of EDL
19
Q
lumbricals course inferior to
A
deep transverse metatarsal ligament
20
Q
flexor hallucis brevis: origins
A
- medial arm: plantar component of tibialis posterior tendon
- lateral arm: plantar surface of cuboid, posterior to fibular groove, and lateral cuneiform
21
Q
flexor hallucis brevis: insertion
A
- tendons unite, insert into plantar surface of base of 1st prox phalanx
- blends w/ plantar plate, extensor hood, abductor hallucis tendon (medial arm) or adductor hallucis tendon (lateral arm)
22
Q
adductor hallucis: origin
A
- oblique head: plantar surface of 2nd-4th met bases, tendon sheath of peroneus longus
- transverse head: plantar plates of 3rd-5th MTPs, DTML
23
Q
adductor hallucis: insertion
A
- fibers blend w/ lateral FHB tendon
24
Q
each sesamoid apparatus contains:
A
- either lateral or medial sesamoid
- tendon of FHB
- abductor hallucis (medial) or adductor hallucis (lateral)
- plantar plate of 1st MTP
25
flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin
plantar surface of 5th met base, tendon sheath of peroneus longus
26
flexor digiti minimi brevis: insertion
lateroplantar base of 5th proximal phalanx
27
dorsal interossei: origins
- adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals (depends on what interspace they're in)
28
dorsal interossei: insertions
- first inserts on medial side of base of 2nd prox phalanx, extensor hood of 2nd digit
- 2nd-4th insert on lateral side of base of respective prox phalanx and extensor hood sling and wing
29
plantar interossei: origins
- inferior surface of base, medial surface of shaft of respective met
30
plantar interossei: insertions
- medial base of respective prox phalanx, extensor hood sling and wing
31
popliteus: attachments
- posterior groove on lateral epicondyle of femur
- posterior shaft of tibia above soleal line
32
tibialis anterior: origin
lateral condyle, lateral upper-middle shaft of tibia
33
tibialis anterior: insertion
tuberosity on medioplantar base of 1st cuneiform, plantar base of 1st met (1st ray)
34
extensor digitorum longus: origin
head of fibula, medial upper-middle shaft of fibula
35
extensor digitorum longus: insertion
forms extensor hood and trifurcates
- central portion inserts into dorsum of base of middle phalanx
- collateral slips insert into dorsum of base of distal phalanx
36
extensor hallucis longus: origin
middle portion of medial surface of shaft of fibula
37
extensor hallucis longus: insertion
forms extensor hood at 1st MTP, inserts into dorsum of base of distal phalanx
38
peroneus tertius: origin
lower portion of medial surface of shaft of fibula
39
peroneus tertius: insertion
dorsum of base of 5th met
40
anterior compartment of leg: vascularization and innervation
- anterior tibial artery
- deep peroneal nerve
41
peroneus longus: origin
head, upper and middle portions of lateral shaft of fibula
42
peroneus longus courses in which plantar layer?
3rd layer
43
peroneus longus: insertion
lateroplantar tubercle of medial cuneiform, base of 1st met (1st ray)
44
peroneus brevis: origin
middle-lower portions of lateral surface of shaft of fibula
45
peroneus brevis: insertion
tuberosity of base of 5th met
46
lateral compartment of leg: vascularization and innervation
- fibular artery
- superficial peroneal nerve
47
gastrocnemius: origins
medial and lateral condyles of femur
48
gastrocnemius: insertion
- heads unite
- aponeurosis of insertion forms, fuses w/ aponeurosis of insertion of soleus to form tendo calcaneus
- inserts on middle portion of posterior surface of calcaneus
49
soleus: origin
- posterior surface of head of fibula
- soleal line, middle portion of medial of shaft of tibia
50
soleus: insertion
by tendo calcaneus
51
plantaris: origin
lateral condyle of femur
52
plantaris: insertion
medial side of middle portion of posterior surface of calcaneus
53
flexor hallucis longus: origin
middle-lower portions of posterior surface of shaft of fibula
54
flexor hallucis longus: insertion
plantar aspect of distal aspect of hallux
55
flexor digitorum longus: origin
posterior surface of shaft of tibia below popliteal line
56
flexor digitorum longus: insertion
plantar surface of distal phalanges of lesser digits
57
FDL and FHL course in which plantar layer?
2nd
58
tibialis posterior: origin
posterior surface of shaft of tibia below popliteal line, upper-middle portions of posterior shaft of fibula
59
tibialis posterior: insertion
main portion: tuberosity of navicular, posterior tuberosity of plantar surface of medial cuneiform
plantar portion: 2nd-4th met bases, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms, cuboid
recurrent portion: sustentaculum tali
60
posterior compartment of leg: vascularization and innervation
- posterior tibial artery
- tibial nerve
61
sartorius: origin
ASIS
62
sartorius: insertion
pes anserinus
63
rectus femoris: origins
anterior head: AIIS
posterior head: acetabular brim of ilium
64
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius: insertion
via quadriceps tendon at base of patella --> into tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patellae
65
vastus lateralis: origins
lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, superior portion of intertrochanteric line, inferior and anterior borders of greater trochanter
66
lateral patellar retinaculum: origin and insertion
- formed by vastus lateralis
- inserts on gerdy's tubercle
67
vastus intermedius: origins
anterior and lateral surface of shaft of femur
68
vastus medialis: origins
lower portion of intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial lip of linea aspera, upper medial supracondylar line
69
articularis genu: origin and insertion
distal anterior shaft of femur to capsule of knee joint
70
medial patellar retinaculum: origin and insertion
formed by vastus medialis, inserts on tubercle on medial tibial condyle
71
pectineus: origin
superior pubic ramus
72
pectineus: insertion
pectineal line
73
adductor brevis: origin
inferior pubic ramus
74
adductor brevis: insertion
pectineal line, middle lip of linea aspera
75
the adductor brevis separates the branches of which nerve?
anterior and posterior branches of obturator nerve
76
adductor longus: origin
body of pubis
77
adductor longus: insertion
medial lip of linea aspera
78
adductor magnus: origins
horizontal fibers: inferior pubic ramus
oblique fibers: ischial ramus
vertical fibers: ischial tuberosity
79
adductor magnus: insertions
horizontal fibers: medial lip of gluteal tuberosity
oblique fibers: middle lip of linea aspera, upper portion of medial supracondylar line
vertical fibers: adductor tubercle, lower portion of medial supracondylar line
80
gracilis: origin
inferior pubic ramus and body of pubis
81
gracilis: insertion
pes anserinus
82
obturator externus: origin
external portion of obturator membrane
83
obturator externus: insertion
digital fossa of femur
84
biceps femoris: origins
long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: lateral lip of linea aspera, upper portion of lateral supracondylar line
85
biceps femoris: insertion
lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula
86
semimembranosus: origin
ischial tuberosity
87
semimembranosus: insertion
groove on posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia, also forms oblique popliteal ligament
88
semitendinosus: origin
ischial tuberosity
89
semitendinosus: insertion
pes anserinus
90
gluteus maximus: origins
- gluteal surface of ala of ilium between posterior portion of iliac crest and posterior gluteal line
- posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
- sacrospinous, sacrotuberous ligaments
91
gluteus maximus: insertions
both lips of gluteal tuberosity, IT band
92
gluteus medius: origins
gluteal surface of ilium between crest, anterior and posterior gluteal lines
93
gluteus medius: insertion
lateral surface of greater trochanter
94
tensor fascia lata: origin
gluteal surface of ASIS
95
gluteus minimus: origin
gluteal surface of ala of ilium between crest, anterior and inferior gluteal lines
96
gluteus minimus: insertion
anterior border of greater trochanter
97
piriformis: origin
pelvic surface of sacrum
98
piriformis: insertion
superior border of greater trochanter
99
piriformis: courses through, is a landmark for which arteries?
- courses through greater sciatic foramen
- separates superior and inferior gluteal arteries
100
gemellus superior: origin
superior margin of lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine
101
gemellus superior, inferior, and obturator internus: insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter
102
gemellus inferior: origin
inferior margin of lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine
103
obturator internus: origin, course
- internal surface of obturator membrane
- courses through lesser sciatic foramen
104
quadratus femoris: origin
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
105
quadratus femoris: insertion
quadrate tubercle
106
branches of internal iliac artery
obturator artery, superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery
107
inferior gluteal artery: supplies
gluteal muscles, posterior thigh muscles
108
obturator artery: supplies
medial thigh muscles
109
profunda femoral artery pierces
adductor magnus
110
trochanteric anastomosis consists of
ascending branches of medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries
111
cruciate anastomosis consists of
- inferior gluteal artery
- 1st perforating artery
- transverse branches of medial and lateral circumflex arteries
112
nutrient artery of femur is a branch of
2nd perforating artery
113
superiormost part of genicular anastomosis
descending genicular artery
114
which artery pierces the oblique popliteal ligament?
middle genicular artery
115
order of branches off popliteal artery
superior musculars, superior geniculars, inferior musculars, inferior geniculars
116
branch of anterior tibial artery before interosseous membrane
posterior tibial recurrent artery
117
first branch of anterior tibial artery after piercing interosseous membrane
anterior tibial recurrent artery
118
branch of posterior tibial artery before piercing deep transverse fascia
circumflex fibular artery
119
levels of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
dorsal divisions of ventral rami L2-L3
120
levels of femoral nerve
dorsal divisions of ventral rami of L2-L4
121
levels of obturator nerve
ventral divisions of ventral rami of L2-L4
122
levels of superior gluteal nerve
dorsal divisions of ventral rami of L4-S1
123
levels of inferior gluteal nerve
dorsal divisions of ventral rami of L5-S2
124
levels of accessory obturator nerve
ventral divisions of ventral rami of L3, L4
125
levels of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
dorsal divisions of ventral rami S1-S2
ventral divisions of ventral rami of S2-S3
126
levels of sciatic nerve: specifiy tibial vs common peroneal
ventral rami of L4-S3
- tibial forms from L4-S3 ventral divisions
- common peroneal forms from L4-S2 dorsal divisions
127
levels of pudendal nerve
S2-S4
128
obturator nerve courses through which muscle, canal, divides deep to?
- courses through psoas major, obturator foramen
- divides into anterior and posterior branches deep to adductor brevis
129
femoral nerve courses through which muscle, below which structure?
- courses through psoas major
- courses below inguinal ligament
130
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve courses through which muscle?
sartorius
131
vastus muscles: action
extends knee
132
sartorius: actions
- flexes hip and laterally rotates hip
- flexes knee, medially rotates knee
133
articularis genu: action
retracts capsule of knee during extension
134
pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus: actions
adducts and flexes hip
135
rectus femoris: actions
extends knee, flexes hip
136
obturator externus: action
laterally rotates thigh (think first position in ballet)
137
gracilis: actions
- adducts hip
- flexes, medially rotates knee
138
biceps femoris: actions
- extends hip
- flexes, laterally rotates leg
139
semimembranosus, semitendinosus: actions
- extends hip
- flexes, medially rotates leg
140
gluteus maximus: action
major hip extensor
141
gluteus medius and minimus: action
CKC: stabilizes pelvis during gait
OKC: abducts, medially rotates hip
142
tensor fascia lata: action
- stabilizes hip in frontal plane
- extends, laterally rotates leg
143
piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus: actions
- laterally rotates an extended hip
- abducts a flexed hip
144
quadratus femoris: action
laterally rotates hip
145
tibialis anterior: actions
dorsiflexes ankle, inverts subtalar joint
146
EHL: actions
- dorsiflexes hallux at IPJ, MPJ
- assists w/ inversion, dorsiflexion of foot
147
EDL: actions
- dorsiflexes lesser digits at IPJ, MPJ
- dorsiflexes foot
148
peroneus tertius: actions
dorsiflexes and everts foot
149
superior extensor retinaculum: attachments
distal anterior border of fibula and distal anterior border of tibia
150
inferior extensor retinaculum: attachments
- stem attaches sinus tarsi
- superior limb attaches medial malleolus
- inferior limb is continuous w/ inferior peroneal retinaculum
151
peroneus longus, brevis: actions
plantarflexes, everts subtalar joint
152
superior peroneal retinaculum: attachments
lateral malleolus and lateral surface of calcaneus
153
inferior peroneal retinaculum: attachments
peroneal trochlea, then is continuous w/ inferior extensor retinaculum
154
gastrocnemius and plantaris: actions
- flexes leg
- plantar flexes foot
155
soleus: action
- plantar flexes foot
156
tibialis posterior: actions
plantar flexes and inverts foot
157
FDL: actions
- plantar flexes lesser MPJs, IPJs
- plantar flexes foot
158
FHL: actions
- plantar flexes hallux at IPJ, MPJ
- plantar flexes foot
159
popliteus: actions
- OKC: medially rotates tibia to unlock knee
- CKC: laterally rotates femur to unlock knee
160
flexor retinaculum: attachments
tibia proximal to medial malleolus, medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, and sustentaculum tali
161
EHB: action
dorsiflexion of 1st MPJ
162
EDB: action
assists in dorsiflexion of IPJs of digits 2-4
163
abductor hallucis: action
- abducts hallux
- aids in plantar flexion of hallux
164
FDB: action
plantar flexes proximal, middle phalanges of lesser digits
165
abductor digiti minimi: action
abducts 5th digit
166
quadratus plantae: action
assists FDL in plantarflexion of lesser digits
167
lumbricals: action
- plantarflexes proximal phalanx
- dorsiflexes middle and distal phalanges
168
FHB: action
plantar flexes 1st proximal phalanx
169
adductor hallucis: action
adducts, plantarflexes hallux
170
dorsal interossei: action
moves digits away from midline of foot
171
plantar interossei: action
moves digits towards midline of foot
172
boundaries of femoral triangle
- superior: inguinal ligament
- lateral: sartorius
- medial: adductor longus
173
deltoid ligaments of foot
tibionavicular, calcaneotibial, posterior talotibial
174
anterior talofibular ligament: attachments
anterior border of lateral malleolus to lateral surface of body of talus
175
calcaneofibular ligament: attachments
anterior border and apex of lateral malleolus, to peroneal spine of calcaneus
176
posterior talofibular ligament: attachments
inferior portion of malleolar fossa to lateral tubercle of body of talus
177
cervical ligament: attachments
lateral neck of talus and sinus tarsi of calcaneus
178
bifurcate ligament: attachments
stem: sinus tarsi
calcaneocuboid portion: medial aspect of dorsum of cuboid
calcaneonavicular portion: lateral aspect of dorsum of navicular
179
spring ligament: attachments
anterior surface of sustentaculum tali to plantar surface of navicular
180
long plantar ligament: attachments
- begins at plantar surface of calcaneus between tubercle and tuberosity
- deep fibers attach fibular ridge, cuboid tuberosity
- superficial fibers attach plantar surface of met bases
181
short plantar ligament: attachments
tubercle and transverse groove of calcaneus to plantar surface of cuboid posterior to peroneal ridge
182
metatarsophalangeal capsular ligaments: attachments
anatomical neck of metatarsal to edges of base of proximal phalanx
183
collateral metatarsophalangeal ligaments: attachments
tubercles on each sides of met heads, base of proximal phalanges
184
metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligament: attachments
tubercles on either side of met heads and plantar plates
185
ACL attachments
from medial surface of lateral condyle of femur to anterior intercondylar fossa, anterior horn of lateral meniscus
186
PCL attachments
from lateral surface of medial condyle of femur to posterior intercondylar fossa, posterior horn of lateral meniscus
187
inferior transverse ligament: attachments
superior aspect of malleolar fossa and posterior surface of distal extremity of tibia
188
tibial collateral ligament: attachments
medial epicondyle of femur and medial shaft of tibia
189
inferior transverse ligament contains ___________ when it contacts trochlea of talus
fibrocartilage
190
synovial membrane of knee: projects from _________ as _______, superiorly is continuous with __________
projects from infrapatellar fat pad as alar folds; superiorly is continuous w/ suprapatellar bursa
191
fibular collateral ligament: attachments
lateral epicondyle of femur and head of fibula
192
fibular collateral ligament is ________, separated from _______ by _________
extracapsular; genu capsular ligament by tendon of popliteus
193
oblique popliteal ligament: attachments
posterior aspect of lateral condyle of femur and posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
194
posterior meniscofemoral ligament: attachments
lateral surface of medial condyle of femur and posterior horn of lateral meniscus
195
transverse genicular ligament: attachments
anterior convex borders of menisci
*intrasynovial
196
lisfranc's ligament: attachments
lateral surface of medial cuneiform, medial surface of base of 2nd met
197
iliofemoral ligament: attachments
AIIS and intertrochanteric line
198
ischiofemoral ligament: attachments
superior portion of body of ischium and capsule
199
pubofemoral ligament: attachments
lateral portion of superior pubic ramus and capsular ligament
200
transverse acetabular ligament attachments and function
- attaches either side of acetabular notch
- creates foramen for vessels and nerves entering hip
201
acetabular labrum function
deepens acetabulum
202
dorsal sacroiliac ligament: attachments
transverse tubercles of sacrum, tuberosity of ilium, PSIS
203
sacrospinous ligament: attachments
sacrum and coccyx, and ischial spine
204
sacrotuberous ligament: attachments
PSIS, PIIS, sacrum and coccyx, and ischial tuberosity
205
tibia: primary ossification
6th to 7th month of fetal development in the shaft
206
tibia: distal extremity secondary center of ossification
1 - 1.5 years of age
207
tibia: proximal extremity secondary center of ossification
9th month of fetal development
208
fibula: primary ossification center
6th to 7th month of fetal development
209
fibula: head secondary center of ossification
4th year of age
210
fibula: distal extremity/lateral malleolus secondary center of ossification
1 - 1.5 years of age
211
patella: primary ossification center
3rd year of age
212
femur: primary center of ossification
2nd month of fetal development in the shaft
213
femur: distal extremity secondary center of ossification
9th month of fetal development
214
femur: head secondary center of ossification
1 year of age
215
femur: greater trochanter secondary center of ossification
4th year of age
216
femur: lesser trochanter secondary center of ossification
13-14 years of age
217
os coxae: primary center of ossification
3rd - 4th month of fetal development (in all 3 bones)
218
os coxae: secondary center of ossification
puberty (in all 3 bones)
219
calcaneus: primary center of ossification
5th-6th month of fetal development
220
calcaneus: secondary center of ossification
4-10 years of age in posterior aspect
221
talus: primary center of ossification
6th-7th month of fetal development
222
talus: secondary center of ossification
occasional in lateral tubercle around 8-9 years of age
223
cuboid: primary center of ossification
9th month of fetal development
224
lateral cuneiform: primary center of ossification
6 months of age
225
intermediate cuneiform: primary center of ossification
1 year of age
226
medial cuneiform: primary center of ossification
1.5 years of age
227
navicular: primary center of ossification
2-5 years of age
228
metatarsals: primary center of ossification
3rd month of fetal development in the shaft
229
first metatarsal: secondary center of ossification
3 years of age in the base, occasionally around 7-10 years of age in the head
230
lesser metatarsals: secondary center of ossification
3 years of age in the head
231
5th metatarsal: occasional secondary center of ossification
tuberosity of base around 7-10 years of age
232
phalanges: primary center of ossification
3rd-4th month fetal development in shaft
233
phalanges: secondary center of ossification
6 months to 2 years of age in base
234
sesamoids: primary center of ossification
7-8 years of age
235
branches of internal iliac artery
superior gluteal, obturator, inferior gluteal
236
superior gluteal artery is found between?
lumbosacral trunk and ventral ramus of s1
237
superior and inferior gluteal artery travel through the
greater sciatic foramen
238
external iliac artery becomes ______ after passing deep to the ______
femoral; inguinal ligament
239
artery that pierces adductor magnus
profunda femoris
240
last branch of femoral artery before going through adductor hiatus
descending genicular artery
241
obturator artery gives off _______ to the _________ of _______ of femur
artery to ligament of head of femur
242
medial circumflex artery divides into _____ and ____ deep to the _____
ascending and transverse branches; quadratus femoris
243
dorsalis pedis courses with _______ nerve
medial terminal branch of deep peroneal nerve
244
lateral tarsal artery courses with ______ nerve
lateral terminal branch of deep peroneal nerve
245
1st dorsal metatarsal artery is a branch of _______
terminal branch of dorsalis pedis
246
1st posterior perforating artery anastomoses with
2nd dorsal metatarsal artery
247
main supply to head of talus
artery of tarsal canal
248
artery of sinus tarsi anastomoses with
artery of tarsal canal
249
fibular communicating artery connects with
communicating artery of posterior tibial artery
250
nutrient artery to tibia is a branch of
posterior tibial artery
251
branch of posterior tibial artery prior to coursing through deep transverse fascia
circumflex fibular artery
252
L4 dermatome
gluteal region, anterolateral and lower anterior thigh, medial leg and foot, medial hallux
253
L5 dermatome
gluteal region, lower anterolateral thigh, lateral leg, middle dorsal and plantar foot
254
S1 dermatome
gluteal region, posterolateral thigh and leg, lateral foot, digiti minimi
255
S2 dermatome
gluteal region, posteromedial thigh and leg, plantar heel
256
fascia lata forms _____ opening superoanteriorly
saphenous opening
257
fascia lata forms __________ laterally
IT band
258
fascia lata forms ____________ and _______ posteriorly
medial and lateral intermuscular septum; popliteal fascia
259
superficial fascia of foot forms _______
fat pads
260
fat pads of the foot are found:
- below met heads
- below distal phalanges
- below calcaneal tuberosity
261
deep fascia of foot forms ______ dorsally and _______ plantarly
retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septum
262
superficial slips of plantar aponeurosis are connected by:
superficial transverse metatarsal ligament
263
central portion of plantar aponeurosis: origin
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
264
deep slips of plantar aponeurosis: course, insertion
- divide into 2 septa, course on either side of tendon of FHL, FHB and FDB
- blend w/ plantar plate and DTML
265
medial portion of plantar aponeurosis: course
covers abductor hallucis
266
lateral portion of plantar aponeurosis: course
lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to base of 5th met, covering abductor digiti minimi
267
windlass effect
dorsiflexion of digits winds plantar aponeurosis around met heads, raising longitudinal arch
(aponeurosis tightens when MPJs dorsiflex)
268
contents of posterior subtalar synovial cavity
posterior articular surface of talus, posterior articular facet of calcaneus
269
contents of calcaneocuboid synovial cavity
articulation between calcaneus and cuboid
270
contents of talocalcaneonavicular synovial cavity
- middle and anterior facets of calcaneus and talus
- talonavicular joint
- articulation between head of talus and spring ligament
271
contents of greater tarsal synovial cavity
- cuboideonavicular, cuneonavicular and cuneocuboid articulations
- intermediate tarsometatarsal articulations (cuneiforms and 2-4 met bases)
- intermetatarsal articulations (2-3 and 3-4)
272
contents of lateral tarsometatarsal synovial cavity
cuboid and 4th, 5th met, intermetatarsal between 4th and 5th met
273
contents of medial tarsometatarsal synovial cavity
medial cuneiform and base of 1st met
274
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: innervates
lateral thigh
275
intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve: innervates
anterior thigh
276
medial femoral cutaneous nerve: innervates
medial thigh
277
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: innervates
posterior thigh from gluteal fold to popliteal fossa
278
saphenous nerve: innervates
medial, anteromedial, posteromedial leg, medial foot to 1st MTP
279
medial sural cutaneous nerve: innervates
upper middle posterior leg
280
lateral sural cutaneous nerve: innervates
upper posterolateral and anterolateral leg
281
sural nerve: innervates
posterolateral lower leg, 5th digit
282
deep peroneal nerve: cutaneous innervation
1st interspace
283
superficial peroneal nerve: cutaneous innervation
lower anterolateral leg
284
ligamentum capitis femoris: attachments
either side of acetabular notch, acetabular fossa
285
third trochanter location
below greater trochanter, on gluteal tuberosity
286
descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery contributes to
genicular anastomosis
287
interosseous sacroiliac ligament: attachments
iliac tuberosity, sacral tuberosities
288
continuous line on femur: posteromedial to posterolateral
adductor tubercle --> medial supracondylar line --> medial lip of linea aspera --> spiral line -->intertrochanteric line --> tubercle of femur --> anterior border of greater trochanter --> inferior border of greater trochanter -->gluteal tuberosity --> lateral lip of linea aspera --> lateral supracondylar line
289
somites
paired masses of mesoderm forming vertebral column and segmental musculature
290
apical ectodermal ridge: origin and function
- from ectoderm covering limb bud
- induces mesenchyme to elongate and differentiate (forms primitive thigh, knee, leg, foot plate)
291
digital ray formation process
- longitudinal mesenchyme condensations forms
- each ray develops pre-cartilaginous matrix
- notches appear
- webbing degeneration (by AER apoptosis)
292
preaxial portion rotates and becomes
medial lower limb
293
postaxial portion rotates and becomes
lateral lower limb
294
dorsal portion of limb bud rotates and becomes
anterior thigh and leg, dorsal foot
295
ventral portion of limb bud rotates and becomes
posterior thigh and leg, plantar foot
296
ischiadic artery branches from, gives off
- from umbilical artery
- grows to become profunda femoral artery
- proximal portion retracts and leaves inferior gluteal artery
297
iliopsoas insertion
lesser trochanter
298
iliopsoas action
flexion of hip
