Lead Inspector Assessor Flashcards
(282 cards)
1
Q
lead symbol and latin name
A
Pb, plumbum (liquid silver)
2
Q
Why was lead used
A
durable, keeps colors bright, blocks radiation
3
Q
Dr. Alice Hamilton
A
occupational health physician first wrote about hazards of lead 1913
4
Q
LEAD BASED PAINT
A
≥ 1.0 mg/cm2 (XRF)
≥ 0.5% by weight (chip sampling)
≥ 5,000 ppm
5
Q
LEAD CONTAMINATED DUST
A
≥ 40 ug/ft2 - interior floors
≥ 250 ug/ft2 - interior horizontal surfaces
≥ 400 ug/ft2 - exterior horizontal surfaces
6
Q
Lead based paint still used today for
A
Industrial use, usually coatings for bridges etc.
7
Q
Consumer Product Safety Commission did what in 1978?
A
restricted lead in coatings to < 600 ppm, it later decreased more in 2008
8
Q
Lead based paint was still used through what year
A
- Banned in 78 but still sold for about 2 years
9
Q
LEAD CONTAMINATED SOIL
A
≥ 400 ppm child’s play area
≥ 1,000 ppm all other areas
10
Q
Tetraethyl Lead
A
was used in gasoline, anti knocking agent.
11
Q
Clean Air Act
A
banned sale of leaded fuel for all uses, 1996
12
Q
When was leaded gasoline phased out?
A
1970s in a 20 year phase out
13
Q
Drinking Water Lead
A
15 ppb
14
Q
1 exposure for occupational workers
A
lead fumes
15
Q
1 exposure for children
A
lead dust, oral route
16
Q
Chaca Chaca
A
mexican candy with lead in wrapper
17
Q
where is lead found on cans
A
in seams, usually cans produced out of country
18
Q
Kohl
A
middle eastern eye liner with lead
19
Q
1g = ___ ug
A
1,000,000 ug
20
Q
ug/m3 is used for what
A
air
21
Q
ug/ft2 used for what
A
surfaces (dust wipe sampling)
22
Q
ug/dL used for what
A
BLL
23
Q
mg/cm2 used for what
A
lead based paint, chip sampling
24
Q
mg/kg used for
A
soil
25
ppm used for
usually soil or lead based paint
26
CDC BLL level of concern for children
10 ug/dL
27
lead is absorbed through _____ and gradually stored in ___
lungs/stomach, bone/tissue
28
children/pregnant women absorb ___% lead
| adults absorb __%
50
| 10-15
29
lead poisoning symptoms
headache, abdo pain, anemia, learning difficulties, kidney disease, heart disease, speech problems, high blood pressure, wrist drop
30
half life blood lead
| half life bone lead
28-36 days
| >30 years
31
blue black line on gums
anemia due to lead poisoning, burton's line
32
how does lead affect blood
makes it difficult for blood to carry oxygen, CNS affects
33
chelation therapy
to remove lead poisoning. also removes electrolytes. done by physician.
34
Title x
1992, Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction - required federal agencies to establish rules about working with lead.
35
Two step plan of Title X
evaluate hazards, reduce hazards through interim controls or abatement
36
Target housing
housing constructed prior to 1978
37
Disclosure Rule
1996, landlords must disclose lead presence
38
RRP
Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule, 2008 workers must be trained
39
HUD Guidelines
are incorporated by regulation (CDPH Title 17). They provide how to identify lead-based paint hazards and how to control them
40
Ambient Air Quality Lead Standard
1.5 ug/m3 based on 30-day average
41
Lead hazard evaluation
onsite investigation of lead based paint or lead hazards for PUBLIC and RESIDENTIAL buildings
42
Reporting for lead hazard evaluation
CDPH form 8552 within 30 days of completion
43
How long does I/A retain 8552 form
3 years
44
What are the reports/forms/documents for a completed lead hazard evaluation
CDPH 8552, site map, foundation diagram, summary of each test method, device and sampling procedure, description of testing and sampling locations, results of lab analysis
45
Define abatement
an activity designed to reduce/eliminate lead hazards or lead-based paint for PUBLIC or RESIDENTIAL buildings
46
permanent vs. temporary/interim abatement
permanent - >20 years
| temp < 20 years
47
form to report abatement
CDPH 8551
48
who can do permanent abatement
CDPH supervisor, workers must be CDPH certified also
49
clearance inspection
is required for permanent abatement
50
who can do a clearance inspection
CDPH I/A or CDPH monitor
51
When is 8551 submitted
5 days prior to abatement activity
52
does interim abatement require 8551
yes, but not done by certified individuals
53
Where does an 8551 need to be posted
all work area entrances until abatement has been completed. for permanent abatement until clearance inspection completed.
54
senate bill 460
requires employers to have an IIPP: injury and illness prevention program
55
lead Action Level and what it requires
30 ug/m3 over 8-hour TWA. requires: medical surveillance, training, hand washing faiclities
56
PEL for 8-hr and requirements
50 ug/m3 8hr TWA. surveillance, training, hand washing, respirators, showers, change areas, eating areas, PPE clothings, warning signs, etc.
57
how to calculate PEL for other work hours. what is PEL for 10 hr
400/# hours, 40 ug/m3 for 10 hour
58
trigger tasks 1
manual demo, scraping, sanding
heat gun
power tool with dust collection
spray painting with lead paint
59
trigger tasks 2
```
using lead mortar
lead burning
manual demo (more serious)
rivet busting
power tool without dust collection
cleanup using dry abrasives
abrasive blasting enclosure and removal
```
60
trigger tasks 3 (4)
abrasive blasting
welding
cutting
torch burning
61
when is medical surveillance required
for any employee occupationally exposed on any day to lead at or above 30 ug/m3 on an 8-hour twa
62
initial medical surveillance
one-time BLL and ZPP
63
ongoing medical surveillance is required when
over 30 ug/m3 for more than 30 days in 12 months
64
biological monitoring frequency for <40 ug/dL
q 2 months for 6 months, then 1 q 6 mo
65
biological monitoring frequency for 40 to <50 ug/dL
q 2 months until 2 consecutive BLL < 40 ug/dL
medical exam
information on removal requirements
66
medical removal
when 2 BLL within two weeks ≥ 50 ug/dL.
67
BLL monitoring if medically removed
monthly until 2 consecutive BLL equal to or less than 40 ug/dL
68
how long are medical records maintained by employer
30 years after employee leaves
69
lead notification to calOSHA is required when
24 hours prior
70
exceptions to CalOSHA reporting
if ongoing work then once a year
not required if:
1. less than 100 ft2 or 100 LF
2. only torch cutting/welding less than 1 hr on any shifti
3. not lead based paint by definition (less than 0.5%, 5,000 ppm or 1.0 mg/cm2)
71
5 examples of engineering controls and safe work practices to avoid lead exposure
```
contain work area
clean change area
handwashing facilities
showers
break area
```
72
should you work on paint removal with it being wet or dry
always wet mist areas to prevent lead dusts
73
OSHA 300 log
an annual summary of on the job related employee injuries and illnesses. Can be requested by employee
74
when can employer rely on earlier exposure assessment?
if monitoring results are on hand from similar assessment taken within 12 months
75
how often does an employer need to assess exposure to lead when employee is above action level but at or below PEL
every 6 months
76
how often does employer need to assess exposure if employee is above PEL
once every quarter
77
lead exposure assessment results must be given to employee within ___ days
5 days
78
flow rate for lead exposure assessment
1-4 liter per minute (LPM)
79
What is an MCEF 0.8 micro used for
filter for lead exposure assessment.
80
filter loading rate for lead exposure assessments
2mg total of dust
81
how often to check the pump during lead exposure assesment
every 2 hours
82
calibration methods of sampling pumps (for lead expsure assessment)
bubbler or rotameter. bubbler is preferred and considered primary method.
83
when does an employee wear a respirator
above PEL, when requested by employee
84
respirators for trigger 1, trigger 2, trigger 3
1. above PEL (50 ug/m3) but not more than 10 x PEL (500 ug/m3) HALF FACE APR
2. above 10x PEL (500 ug/m3) but not more than 50x PEL (2,500 ug/m3) FULL FACE APR
3. above 50x PEL (2,500 ug/m3) PAPR
85
half face and full face aprs are __________ pressure respirators
negative
86
papr and sar are _____ pressure respirators
positive
87
sar standards for
supplied air respirator
88
what air grade is used for SARs
grade D (same as SCUBA)
89
3 requirements of wearing respirator
medical approval
training
fit testing
90
how often are cartridges changes out on respirators
in accordance with your respiratory protection program (usually when breathing becomes difficult)
91
qualitative vs quantitative fit testing
qualitative - voluntary response to challenge agent
| quantitative - measures challenge agent leakage
92
quantitivate fit testing is required if exposure is _____ x PEL
100
93
APF
assigned protection factor (minimum anticipated protection by properly functioning respirator class)
94
SWPF
simulated workplace protection factor - surrogate measure of workplace protection provided by a respirator
95
WPF
workplace protection factor - measure of protection provided by respirator of worker
96
MUC
maximum use concentration (max amount of lead a respirator can protect you from)
97
PEL X PF =
MUC
98
protection factor of:
1. half face apr
2. full face apr
3. papr, sar
1. 10
2. 50
3. 1,000
99
HEPA
high efficiency particulate air, filter. 0.3 micron, 99,97%
100
what is most universal type of HEPA
p100
101
combination cartridge's which two types of contaminants
particulates AND gases/vapors
102
type of air required for SAR
grade D (same as scuba)
103
fit testing is required how often
annually
104
two types of user pressure checks
positive pressure check - close off exhalation and breath out. mask should remain sealed
negative pressure check - close off inhalation and breath in. mask should collapse
105
7 steps in cleaning respirator
1. remove filter
2. wash in warm water with mild detergent
3. rinse in warm water
4. disinfectant, 50 ppm chlorine or 50 ppm iodine or equivalent
5. rinse in warm water
6. hand dried with lint-free or air dry
7. reassemble
106
When is PPE clothing required
when PEL is exceeded, or performing trigger tasks. must be supplied at no cost
107
how often is PPE clothing provided
weekly unless over 200 ug/m3 (then daily)
108
HSC Section 105280 does what
gives status authority for environmental investigation
109
laboratory cerification for lead analysis
NLLAP
110
CCR, Title 17 covers what
1. accreditation/certification of lead workers
2. work practices for lead (public and residential buildings)
3. RRP requirements which apply to renovations, remodeling, painting
111
CCR, Title 8, Section 1532.1 covers what
CalOSHA construction safety orders for lead: defines PEL for lead, respiratory protection requirements, housekeeping, medical surveillance, training, communication hazards, job notification
112
CCR, Title 8, Section 5144
CalOSHA respiratory protection Program
113
CCR, Title 8, Section 1509
Construction Safety Orders, Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP)
114
Title X outlined two types of ways to evaluate lead hazards in a residential building
1. risk assessment
2. paint inspection
or combination of both
115
lead hazard screen assessment. what is it. what requirements must be met for one to be conducted
an evaluation less detailed than a full risk assessment.
building must be:
1. in good condition
2. probability of finding lead based paint hazards is low
116
steps of lead hazard SCREEN risk assessment
1. tour of dwelling to determine building condition and is eligible for screen risk assessment instead of full risk assessment
2. collect paint samples of any paint that is in poor condition (or measure with XRF)
3. two composite dust samples (floor and window troughs) of 4 locations: child's play area, child's bedroom, main entryway and one other location
no water or air sampling is done.
117
paint quality rating for exterior components with large surface areas: intact, fair and poor
intact: entire surface intact
fair: ≤ 10 ft2
poor: > 10 ft2
118
paint quality rating for interior components, large surface areas (walls/floors/doors/ceilings)
intact, fair and poor
intact: entire surface intact
fair: ≤ 2 ft2
poor: > 2 ft2
119
paint quality rating for interior and exterior small surface areas (window sills, baseboards)
intact, fair, poor
intact: fully intact
fair: ≤ 10%
poor > 10%
120
paint quality rating for exterior components with large surface areas: intact, fair and poor
intact: entire surface intact
fair: ≤ 10 ft2
poor: > 10 ft2
121
paint quality rating for interior components, large surface areas (walls/floors/doors/ceilings)
intact, fair and poor
intact: entire surface intact
fair: ≤ 2 ft2
poor: > 2 ft2
122
paint quality rating for interior and exterior small surface areas (window sills, baseboards)
intact, fair, poor
intact: fully intact
fair: ≤ 10%
poor > 10%
123
intact vs fair vs poor surfaces
intact - monitor to ensure they don't become hazardous
fair - should be repaired but not yet considered a hazard
poor - considered a hazard and should be corrected
124
three types of paint deterioration
surface, bulk and layered
125
surface deterioration
chalking (find powder), worn/chipped (friction or mechanical), mildew
126
three steps of a risk assessment
visual inspection
testing deteriorated paint and paint on surfaces
testing dust from floors and windows
127
layered deterioration
blistering, peeling, sclaing
128
how to determine condition of friction and impact surfaces
operate three to four windows and doors
129
three steps of a risk assessment
visual inspection
testing deteriorated paint and paint on surfaces
testing dust from floors and windows
130
difference in final report for risk inspection vs paint inspection
for risk inspection the report identifies remedies, paint inspection just shows test results.
131
does paint inspection test for soil or dust?
no
132
composite sampling
can be used for dust wipe samples of common components in different rooms. You can do up to 4 dust wipes in a composite sample and there is a minimum of 4.
133
what is a spike sample
known positive dust wipe sample to be submitted for analysis as a control
134
where are dust samples collected from during risk assessment
floors, window sills, window troughs/wells
135
composite sampling
can be used for dust wipe samples of common components in different rooms. You can do up to 4 dust wipes in a composite sample.
136
dust sampling for community buildings/day cares/recreational or other child occupied spaces
for up to 2,000 sq ft
2 samples high traffic floors
1 sample window sill
1 sample window trough.
for spaces larger than 2,000 sq ft collect 1 extra sample for floors and windows for each increment of 2,000 sq feet round up
137
of dust wipe samples if single surface dust sampling is conducted
6-8
138
dust sampling in common areas of multifamily housing
take an additional two samples from entry area floor and one from first floor landing.
139
dust sampling for community buildings/day cares/recreational or other child occupied spaces
for up to 2,000 sq ft
2 samples high traffic floors
1 sample window sill
1 sample window trough.
for spaces larger than 2,000 sq ft collect 1 extra sample for floors and windows for each increment of 2,000 sq feet round up
140
in risk assessment should paint sampling or dust sampling be done first?
dust sampling
141
what are the two methods of deteriorated paint analysis
XRF or paint chip analysis by laboratory
142
can you use an XRF on peeling or chipping paint
no, only intact
143
how many paint chip samples are usually analyzed for risk assessment
usually 5 to represent similar components
144
composite paint chip sampling
cumulative sample of 1 square inch of paint samples. Result is to be divided by number of sub samples.
145
threshold for retesting of composite paint chip samples
if 0.2 mg/cm2 then no lead present. if more than 0.2 mg/cm2 then must collect separately and test.
146
how close to hold a heat gun to substrate for paint chip sampling
no closer than 6"
147
size of paint chip sampling
4 square inches (2 x 2 or 1 x 4)
148
what kind of container are dust wipes samples placed in
plastic tube (no baggies)
149
how close to hold a heat gun to substrate for paint chip sampling
no closer than 6"
150
size of paint chip sampling
no more than 2-4 square inches
151
what needs to be reported with sample to get paint chip analysis results in mg/cm2
the exact dimensions of the sample
152
can you use thick diaper wipes from dust collection
no
153
how are dust wipe samples reported (units)
ug/ft2
154
how many spike samples for dust wipe sampling
one per every 50 field samples.
155
can you use little ones diaper wipes for dust wipe sampling
no
156
soil sampling from play area
at least 5 but no more than 10 sub samples in a composite sample in x shaped grid
157
how many spike samples for dust wipe sampling
one per every 50 field samples.
158
how to collect soil samples
use a coring tool 1/2 inch deep
159
soil sampling from play area
at least 5 but no more than 10 sub samples in a composite sample in x shaped grid
160
lead levels measured on wipe samples depend on what two factors
1. amount of dust on surface
| 2. concentration of lead in that dust
161
what should wipe sample results be after abatement for floors, sills, troughs/wells
less than:
40 ug/ft2
250 ug/ft2
400 ug/ft2
162
what range % must a spike dust wipe sample fall
80-120%
163
where does one get a dust spike sample wipe
laboratory
164
which sampling is more accurate, dust wipe or paint chip
paint chip
165
ALARA
as low as reasonably achieabable
166
three steps in limiting radiation
time, distance, shielding
167
What is NIST SRM
quality control forXRF
national institute of standards and technology
standard reference material
168
XRF reading units
mg/cm2
169
soil test units
ppm, g/kg or ug/g
170
What is NIST SRM
quality control forXRF
national institute of standards and technology
standard reference material
171
what are wet chemical field test kits
spot tests that show cehmical change to red/pink the paint reacts with sodium rhodizonate
lead check, hybrivet, d-lead
172
soil test units
ppm, g/kg or ug/g
173
risk assessments for fewer than 5 dwellings which are not similar
need to assess all individually
174
how many subsamples per composite soil sample
3-10
175
number of soils samples needed
minimum of two composes per dwelling or building samples. one from play area and one from bare soil areas in front or backyard
176
how far apart should soil subsamples be from one another
2-6 feet apart
177
Side A for single family and multifamily
single family - street side
| multifamily - main entrance side
178
what are the three components of testing combinations for paint inspections
room equivalent
building component
substrate
179
does a paint inspection include the exterior
yes. the sides are not considered seperate rooms unless evidence of different paint history
180
Side A for single family and multifamily
single family - street side
| multifamily - main entrance side
181
calibration frequency of XRF
3 before starting inspection
3 every 4 hours or when work has been completed for the day whichever is more frequent.
anytime instrument is turned off/at lunch etc.
182
How many XRF readings for each testing combination
one for each equivalent except walls (4 readings for walls per room equivalent)
183
how to classify XRF results comparing to PCS
below range = negative
within range = inconclusive
above range = positive
184
0.5% = ____ ppm
5,000 ppm
185
ppm is same as ____ and ____
mg/kg, mg/L, ug/g
186
ppb is same as ___ and ____
ug/kg, ug/L
187
0.5% = ____ ppm
5,000 ppm
188
when is aggregate testing used in a paint inspection
for multi family homes. use flow chart to determine results
189
what is AAS
atomic absorption spectroscopy is most common method of lead analysis in paint chips
190
two elements used for XRF's and their half lifes
cobatls 57 - 270 days
| cadmium 109 - 464 days
191
when is aggregate testing used in a paint inspection
for multi family homes. use flow chart to determine results
192
what is AAS
atomic absorption spectroscopy is most common method of lead analysis in paint chips
193
heat gun operating temperatures on low and high settings.
low 500-600 F
| high up to 1100F (that is the max)
194
ladder safety factor for placement
1 foot out for every 4 feet up
195
three elements of confined space
large enough to enter
restricted entry/exit
not designed for continuous occupancy
196
three steps of confined space entry
recognition
testing,evaluation,monitoring
rescue
197
ladder safety factor for placement
1 foot out for every 4 feet up
198
cleaning steps after abatement
1. hepa, remove poly from vertical surfaces and wash all veritcal surfaces with lead cleaner, remove floor poly and clean floors, hepa vacuum all surfaces again
2. painting/sealing if needed
3. after 24 hours hepa, clean then hepa all surfaces again
199
lead particles usually fall within ____ feet of its source
6 feet
200
what should be done with ventilation system during lead abatement
shut it off and seal it to prevent dusts
201
three steps of cleanup after abatement
hepa vacuum, wipe down, hepa vacuum
202
steps of existing lead work area
hepa vacuum your suit and remove booties
step into decon area
take off ppe clothing inside out
move to wash area of decon and wash face with resipirator on then remove and wash face
203
___ mil poly should be used for lead work
6 mil
204
how far to extend poly for outside abatement
10 feet
205
do not perform abatement work if average winds are more than
10-20 mph
206
what are types of encapsulants
coatings that can last over 20 years
207
4 methods of abatement
replacement - removal and replacement
enclosure - covering/sealing off lead painted surface
encapsulation - coating the lead painted surface
removal - remove but don't replace
REERp
208
underlayment over floors, installing tile or brick over walls, installing wood paneling or dry wall over walls i
is a type of what abatement
enclosure
209
how long to wait after abatement before final cleanup
1 hour
210
4 soil abatement methods
removal and replacement
cultivation/rototilling (plant grass or lay bark etc.)
soil treatment and replacement
paving with concrete/asphalt
211
are open flame burning, uncontained hydroblasting, heat guns above 1100F, and machine blasting without HEPA allowed?
no
212
how long to wait after abatement before final cleanup
1 hour
213
what is TTLC
total threshold limit concentration ( a california test)
214
<50 mg/kg on TTLC
non hazardous waste, check class 2 or 3 landfill or if further testing needed
215
eq to or greater than 1000 mg/kg on TTLC
hazardous waste, class 1 landfill (kettleman city) TCLP required
216
what is STLC
soluble threshold limit concentration a california stat test. some landfills require.
217
less than 5 mg/L on STLC
non hazardous no treatment required before landfill
218
equal to or greater than 5 mg/L on STLC
hazardous
219
what happens if TTLC results are 50 mg/kg or more but less than 1,000 mg/kg
need to do either stlc or tclp check landfill
220
equal to or greater than 5 mg/L on TCLP
hazardous
221
what is a TCLP
a federal test
| toxicity characterization leaching procedure
222
what happens if TTLC results are 50 mg/kg or more but less than 1,000 mg/kg
need to do either stlc or tclp check landfill
223
who can do a clearance inspection
i/a or project monitor
224
what are dust clearance levels
<40 ug/ft2 interior floor
<250 ug/ft2 interior horizontal surfaces
<400 ug/ft2 exterior floor and horizontal surfaces
225
soil clearance levels
<400 ppm childs play
| <1000 ppm all other areas
226
how many dust samples for clearance inspection
use chart. depends on type of abatement and controls used
227
how many single family houses or similar units should get a clearance inspection of 20 or fewer
all
228
should XRF testing be done for clearance inspection
no it's not recommended. dust wipe on floors, sills, troghs only
229
how soon after cleanup can clearance inspection occur
no sooner than 1 hour
230
soil sampling for clearance inspection
should be done only if tested initially. do composite sampling of play area and all other areas
231
should XRF testing be done for clearance inspection
no it's not recommended. dust wipe on floors, sills, troghs only
232
lead in drinking water level
15 ppb
233
what are the three laboratory methods allowed for paint chp
AAS
ASV
PSV
234
large furniture that can't be removed can be
sealed with single layer of plastic
235
before it rains abatement work should
be stopped and cleaned up
236
plastic required for interior window replacement
1 layer 5 feet out
237
are hazardous waste generators required to clean plastic prior to disposal
no
238
which characteristic would lead be hazardous waste
toxicity
239
concentrated lead waste includes
lead paint chips, hepa vacuum debris, other hazardous waste
240
are ahzardous waste generators required to clean plastic prior to disposal
no
241
large quantity generator can store waste up to
90 days
242
what is flashpoint of ignitable waste
140F
243
cond exemp small quant generate must produce less than
100 kg per month
244
large quanitity generator can store waste up to
90 days
245
according to title 17 lead certified workers and supervisors are required for what:
a permanent abatement
b interim control
c risk assesment
d clearance
a permanent abatement
246
which of the following is not required when filing form 8551:
a submit to cdph 5 days before work started
b a copy is posted...
c. must be submitted even for interim abatement
d. must be submitted by supervisor
d. must be submitted by supervisor
247
difference between law and regulation
law is written by legislature
| regulation is promulgated by the enforcement agency
248
if the air exposure is between action level and PEL then continue monitoring air exposure every
6 months
249
```
a house hta tis being permanentely abated has several intact lead based paint doors above 15 mg/cm2 these doors may be managed as:
a. non haz waste
b haz waste
c run tclp to confirm
d i won't say anything
```
c. run tclp
250
asbestos vs lead which is more critical in consideration of removal and which for disposal
asbestos is more sensitive for removal
| lead should be considered primary indicator for disposal
251
does an inspection survey need to be included in an abatement plan
no.
252
HUD CHAPTERS
| 1-15
```
1 INTRO
2 PLANNING
3 RISK ASSESSMENT
4 NONE
5 LEAD INSPECTION
8 RESIDENT PROTECTION
9 NONE
10 WASTE
11 INTERIM CONTROL
12 ABATEMENT
13 ENCAPSULATION
14 CLEANING
15 CLEARANCE
```
253
MINERAL COMPOSITE MINING LEAD
Galena
254
ZPP is what
zinc protoporphyrin
255
three types of liability
contractual
tort
regulatory
256
contractual liability
contractor can be liable if there is a breach in contract
257
what are liquidated damages
designated damages which can be claimed if certain aspects of contract are not met, for example delay of job
258
tort liability
occurs when there is no physical contract. three elements must be present
1. there must be a duty or rule of conduct
2. there must be a breach of the conduct/duty
3. the breach must have caused injury
example hot coffee from mcD that burned customer
259
what is regulatory liability
noncompliance with federal, state or local regulations by error or omission
260
does a contractor need worker's compensation insurance
yes
261
who does comprehensive insurance cover
covers injuries to another person caused by accident
262
what are the two types of insurance policies
occurrence based (covers claim if the occurrence occurred during the time the insurance is effective)
claims based (insurance covers any claim put in during the insurance effective period regardless of when the event actually occurred)
263
which type of insurance is more expensive
occurrence based
264
what are the three types of bonds
bid
payment
performance
265
what is a bid bond
a promise to pay some percentage of cost of job if a bidder gets a job after the lowest bidder backs out
266
what is a payment bond
accompanies a lead contractor to pay for subcontractors if they are not paid by the property owner
267
what is a performance bond
a promise to complete a job. protects usually a school for example if contractors are unable to complete a job
268
interim controls should only be used when
surfaces have intact paint and are structurally sound
269
what device is used for wet scraping
scraper with hepa vacuum
270
hepa vacuum method for wall to wall carpets
2 minutes per 10 ft2 side to side then 2 minutes per 10ft2 up and down
271
what is a beater bar
device to be used on hepa vacuum when cleaning area rugs
272
air exchanges per hour in negative pressure enclosure for abrasive blasting
10
273
newel is a component of what
stairs
274
balusters are what
stair spindle
275
methylene chloride
not allowed in chemical paint removers
276
needle gun is bested used on which substrate
metal
277
how often do you label a lead surface before enclosing
every two feet
278
what are the 5 prohibited lead paint abatement methods
```
open flame burning or torching
mchine sanding/grinding without hepa
uncontained hydroblasting
abrasive blasting/sandblasting without hepa
heat gun above 1100F
```
279
what is a j channel used for
to seal off edge of drywall
280
which type of abatement should have all seams and edges sealed
enclosures
281
wipe test area most likely to fail in clearance
troughs
282
smallest size dust particle visible to naked eye
50 um
