❌Leadership

Question 1

What is a leader?

Answer 1

Someone who has influence in helping others to achieve their goals.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a leader?

Answer 2

Confidence 
Communication 
Organised 
Experience 
Empathy 
Charismatic
Consistent 
Level headed 
Knowledge 
Flexibility 
Inspirational 
Interpersonal skills

Question 3

What are the two types of leader?

Answer 3

Prescribed

Emergent

Question 4

What is a prescribed leader?

Answer 4

Appointed from outside the group

Question 5

What is an emergent leader?

Answer 5

Appointed from within the group

Question 6

What are the styles of leadership?

Answer 6

Autocratic - task orientated
Democratic - person orientated
Laissez-faire

Question 7

What is the autocratic approach?

Answer 7

Leader makes the decisions

Question 8

What are the features of the autocratic approach?

Answer 8

Dictatorial
Only interested in ensuring the task is fulfilled
Get results and reach targets
Sole decision maker
Coach must stay present and maintain contact throughout the session, otherwise the group will not focus/work

Question 9

When should the autocratic approach be used?

Answer 9

In dangerous situations 
With large groups 
If time is limited 
With hostile groups 
With cognitive performers 
Preferred by male performers

Question 10

What is an example of the autocratic approach?

Answer 10

A basketball coach calls a time out towards the end of the match and instructs the players to run a specific set play in the remaining seconds as he has decided it is the most effective strategy.

Question 11

What is the democratic approach?

Answer 11

Decisions are made by group consultation

Question 12

What are the features of the democratic approach?

Answer 12

Interested in ensuring relationships are developed within the group
Group members are involved in making decisions
Person centred
More sympathetic/tend to use the quality of empathy.
Group continues to work when coach isn’t present

Question 13

When should the democratic approach be used?

Answer 13

With small groups 
If lots of time is available 
With friendly groups
With advanced performers 
Preferred by female performers

Question 14

What is an example of the democratic approach?

Answer 14

A doubles tennis coach spends time with the players discussing which strategies are best to use in their upcoming fixture. They take on board their suggestions before making a final decisions.

Question 15

What is the laissez-faire approach?

Answer 15

The leader does very little and leaves it to the group

Question 16

What are the features of the laissez-faire approach?

Answer 16

Leader is more of a figurehead than an active leader; they take a hands-off approach
Group members make all of the decisions
Relaxed

Question 17

When should the laissez-faire approach be used?

Answer 17

If a problem-solving approach is required

Only effective with advanced performers, who are motivated.

Question 18

What is an example of the laissez-faire approach?

Answer 18

A football manager allows the team to decide which skills/drills to work on during their training sessions.

Question 19

What are the theories of leadership?

Answer 19

Fiedler’s contingency model

Chelladurai’s multi-dimensional model

Question 20

What is Fiedler’s model?

Answer 20

He suggested an interactionist approach, in which an effective leader will match their style with the SITUATION facing them

One of two styles should be adopted:
Task-orientated
Person-orientated

Question 21

When should task-orientated be used? (Fiedler’s model)

Answer 21

Best used in two opposite situations:

When everything is good and when everything is bad.

Question 22

When should person-orientated be used? (Fiedler’s model)

Answer 22

In moderately favourable situations

Question 23

What is a most favourable situation?

Answer 23

Strong leadership 
Good harmony 
Clear task 
Leader has respect 
High ability and motivation 
Support for athletes

Question 24

What is a moderately favourable situation?

Answer 24

Some harmony 
Some clarity 
Some motivation 
Need for consolation 
Reasonable ability 
Limited support

Question 25

What is a least favourable situation?

Answer 25

``` Weak leadership Group hostility Unclear task Low ability Little respect for leader Low motivation No support ```

Question 26

What is Chelladuri’s model?

Answer 26

He suggested that in order to ensure group satisfaction and high levels of performance, leader must be able to adapt their leadership style. The leader gets the best from their team if the leadership style ‘fits’ with what the situation and team need.

Question 27

What three factors should leaders consider before adopting a specific leadership style? (Chelladurai’s model)

Answer 27

Situation Leader Group

Question 28

What is meant by the situation?

Answer 28

The task | The strength of the opponents or if there is any danger involved

Question 29

What is meant by the leader?

Answer 29

Their ability, personality and preferred leadership style

Question 30

What is meant by the group?

Answer 30

Ability levels and relationships between members and with the leader.

Question 31

What can affect the situation?

Answer 31

``` Danger (high = autocratic) Time (more = democratic) Facility/resources (limited = autocratic) Type of sport (individual = democratic) Size of group The opposition Conditions Task difficulty ```

Question 32

What can affect the leader?

Answer 32

Leader characteristics (e.g. empathy = democratic) Experience (high = autocratic) Preference (depends on the leader and what they are used to) Communication Personality

Question 33

What can affect the group?

Answer 33

``` Size (large = autocratic) Gender (female = democratic) Age (young = autocratic) Ability (high = democratic) Personality NAF/NACH ```

Question 34

What else can affect the leadership style?

Answer 34

Required behaviour Actual behaviour Preferred behaviour

Question 35

What is required behaviour?

Answer 35

A result of an assessment of what the situation demands | E.g - something dangerous would require autocratic

Question 36

What is actual behaviour?

Answer 36

What the leader decides to do in relation to leadership style (usually try to match situational and group demands)

Question 37

What is preferred behaviour?

Answer 37

What the groups wants or prefers. | E.g - a group of novice players may want instruction on new tactics and strategies.

Question 38

What’s an example of Chelladurai’s model?

Answer 38

An activity leader about to take a group of year 6 students climbing. This situation demands an instructive and autocratic approach because of potential danger. The group want to be instructed since they have little knowledge of the activity. If the leader then uses the style that matches the requirements of the situation and the needs of the group, then the quality and satisfaction from the performance will be high.