Leadership Material Review: Question Format Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
What type of activity directly contributes to an organization’s clearly defined quality outputs?
A
Value-added Activity
2
Q
What is a mode of thorough change made in anticipation of future events?
A
Tuning
3
Q
What is a leadership approach consisting of a set of principles and procedures that maximize the production and delivery of high quality goods and services in an organization? This type of leadership adapts the approach of making continuous improvements.
A
Total Quality Management
4
Q
What is a major response an organization takes in anticipation of external events that may ultimately require change?
A
Reorientation
5
Q
What is a major change necessitated by external events?
A
Recreation
6
Q
What is an organization that had adapted the concept of “change for learning and learning involves change”? This type of organization is skilled at creating, acquiring ,and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect knowledge and insight.
A
Learning Organization
7
Q
What is the change that occurs in response to key eternal events?
A
Reactive Change
8
Q
What is a change that affects the entire organization?
A
Major Change
9
Q
What is a change to individual components of the organization?
A
Incremental Change
10
Q
What is initiated in anticipation of key external events?
A
Anticipatory change
11
Q
What is the process imposed on an organization that requires the organization to respond?
A
Change
12
Q
What is the process of comparing a unit’s work and service methods against best practices others use in order to identify where changes may be necessary?
A
Benchmarking
13
Q
What is an organizational problem solving process consisting of several stages of activity through which an organization adapts to change?
A
Adaptive-coping cycle
14
Q
Which type of leadership is not an exchange process but an appeal to follower’s sense of values beyond their own personal interests?
A
Transformational Leadership
15
Q
What type of leadership falls under the concept of an exchange relationship to which the leader and the follower are engaged in economic , social, or psychological trading? This form of the exchange may be negotiable and is constrained by moral values.
A
Transactional Leadership
16
Q
What is the component of transformational leadership that describes leaders who encourage innovation and creativity through challenging the moral beliefs or views of the group?
A
Intellectual Stimulation
17
Q
What is the component of transformational leadership that describes leaders who motivates followers to commit to the vision of the organization?
A
Inspirational Motivation
18
Q
What is the component of transformational leadership that describes a leader who act as coaches and advisors to follower?
A
Individualized Consideration
19
Q
What is the component of transformational leadership that describes leaders who are exemplary role models?
A
Idealized Influence
20
Q
What is the special personal quality or power of an individual quality or power of an individual making him or her capable of influencing or inspiring large numbers of people through their perceived social relationship to that person?
A
Charisma
21
Q
What type of relationship is articulated within the Social Exchange Theory that is described as a cooperative, mutually beneficial connect between two peopleor groups?
A
Symbiotic Relationship
22
Q
What is the follower’s overt or covert refusal to respond to the leader’s attempt to influence?
A
Resistance
23
Q
What is the ability to exert influence; that is the ability to change the attitudes or behavior of individuals or group?
A
Power
24
Q
What best describes the follower’s acceptance of the leader’s influence including the leader’s internal or underlying beliefs?
A
Internalization
25
What is the concepts that revolves around the Leader, who is the bank in the follower's mind, and the influence is the credit that gets deposited into the bank by followers and workers within their mind? The more credit the leader have in their bank accounts, the more influence they will have over the followers or workers.
Idiosyncrasy Credits
26
What is the follower's acceptance to the leader' influence because the leader is attractive, likeable source worthy of emulation?
Identification
27
What does a leader gain when the follower has accepted the leader's influence? This is evidenced by the follower's behavior.
Compliance
28
What type of power exist when the follower give control to the leader based on the belief or understanding that the leader has specific knowledge or relevant expertise that the follower does not? This is also called information Power.
Expert Power
29
What type of power exist when there is a desire from the follower or subordinate to be like, or identifies with the leader?
Reference Power
30
What type of power exists when subordinate or followers acknowledges that the leader has a "right" or is lawfully entitled to exert influence within certain bounds? This is also called formal authority.
Legitimate Power
31
What type of power is the negative side of Reward Power? This negative side of the leader's ability to punish the follower or subordinate for not carrying out expressed or implied directions.
Coercive Power
32
What type of power exists when control derives from a leader who has the ability to reward the follower or subordinate for carrying out expressed or implied consent?
Reward Power
33
What type of organization member demonstrates a varying level of critical thinking and varying levels of engagement in the organization's mission?
Pragmatist Follower
34
Who is the person or group that the focal person uses to evaluate the equity or inequity of his/her exchange relationship?
Reference Source
35
What type of conflict occurs when one group's perception of how long work should take is different from another group's perception of how long it should take?
Time Orientation
36
What type of conflicts is created by the way in which work products are measured? One group may generate an easily measurable product while another generates a product that is more difficult or impossible to measure.
Tangible Nature of Work
37
Which strategy does a leader uses, when the leader creates an overarching goal that requires conflicting groups to achieve an objective critically important to all groups, but that can only be achieved through intergroup cooperation?
Superordinate Goal
38
Which strategy does a leader uses when the leader bring members of conflicting groups together to identify, discuss, and resolve intergroup conflict after conflict as developed?
Problem Solving
39
Which type of conflict is brought about when groups are not located together? The vast area coverage an organization has keeps members from getting to know each other.
Physical Separation
40
Which strategy does a leader uses when the leader acts to prevent or reduce the chance of conflict by forming a group with representatives from all groups to identify and resolve potential conflict?
Liaison Group
41
Which type of conflict occurs when the actions and tone of a group in pursuit of its goals generates conflict with another group in pursuit of its goal because the group don't share the same goal?
Goal Orientation
42
Which type of Conflict is brought about by little or no interaction between groups?
Frequency of Interaction
43
Which strategy does a leader uses when the leader mandates a solution to groups that are experiencing conflict with each other?
Forcing
44
Which type of intergroup conflict occurs when two or more groups fight over limited resources like money, people, and facilities?
Competition over scarce resources
45
Which strategy does a leader uses when the leader monitors a conflict, but does not get involved in its resolution? The leader allows the conflict to run its course and/or let those in the conflict to resolve it.
Avoidance
46
What type of Intergroup conflict occurs when a leader issues vague instructions to subordinates groups, allowing separate groups to interpret their meaning and how to accomplish the task?
Ambiguous Work Assignment
47
What occurs when group members works together to achieve a specific and identifiable goal?
Task Cohesion
48
What occurs when members of a group likes each other and enjoy personal satisfaction from being members of a group?
Social Cohesion
49
What is the process where a group strives for consensus or a unanimous decision rather than objectively appraising and selecting the best course of action?
Groupthink
50
What is the type of instrument that is used by organizations to measure task and social cohesion of actions?
Group Environmental Questionnaires (GEQ)
51
What occurs when the sum of forces attracts members to a group? These forces provides resistance to leaving the group and motivates the group members to be active within the group.
Group Cohesion
52
What is the term that describes a group that has its own judgment about its own capability to perform a specific task?
Group Efficacy or Collective
53
What type of group revolves around members who are tightly coupled thus each member's outcomes are inextricable and can't be separated from each other's outcome?
Team
54
What occurs when a group member take on a role where his/her performed behaviors that promotes completion of task and activities within a group?
the member takes on a Task Facilitating Role
55
What term best describes member perceptions of the level of rights and privileges' that a member have within the group?
Status
56
What occurs when a person's work effort is reduced when he/she works with others as compare to when he/she works along?
Social Loafing
57
What occurs when a group member perceives an expectation as inconsistent or conflicting associated with his/her role in the group, therefore; causing a state of tension, distress, or uncertainty within his/her mind?
Role Conflict
58
What occurs when a group member accurately performs his/hers assigned purpose in the group because he/she demonstrates the perception of having a clear understanding of his/hers expectation?
Role Clarity
59
What occurs when a group member is uncertain about an expectation and perceive the expectation as unclear, therefore; may not accurately performs his/her assigned purpose in the group?
Role Ambiguity
60
What is the position that a group member takes on when the member performs behaviors that improve the nature and quality of interpersonal relations among other group members?
The member takes on a Relationship Building Role
61
What is the concept that dictates a common characteristic of people as being somewhat mutually dependent on one another to accomplish a group task or goal?
Interdependency
62
What is the quality exhibited when members of a group are similar in terms of their abilities, skills, resources, and/or social makeup that are required to accomplish the groups task or mission?
Homogeneous
63
What is the quality exhibited when members of a group are diversified in terms of their abilities, skills, resources and/or social makeup that are required to accomplish the group's task or mission? Each member of the group have different abilities and skills and these differences comes together to accomplish a task or mission.
Heterogeneous
64
What is the underlying pattern of roles, norms, and relations among members of a group?
Group Structure
65
What is the consistent and logical, also known as, coherent set of behaviors expected of people who occupy specific positions within a group? It is a part of a group structure.
Group Roles
66
What is the part of a group structure that regulates the group activities by identifying what is acceptable and what is not? It is the social standards that regulate group member's behaviors.
Group Norms
67
What is formed when two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each influences and is influenced by each other while achieving a common purpose, mission, or task?
Group
68
What occurs when bonds develops within a group? The strength of bonds links individuals in the group together. It is sometimes referred to as the glue that keeps the group together.
Cohesion
69
What is the smaller group within a larger group which consist of individuals who share a common goals, values, and expectations? These smaller groups are sometimes at odds with other smaller groups and perhaps the larger group's goals, values, and expectations.
Cliques
70
What role does a person takes on when they demonstrates unproductive behavior that hinders the group from achieving organizational objectives?
Blocking Role
71
What term best describes when a person demonstrates exemplary leadership behaviors irrespective of their organizational role?
Upward Leadership
72
What type of organizational member who demonstrates a low level of critical thinking and low levels of engagement in the organizational mission?
Passive Follower
73
What is the concept that describes an organization's resources and how an individual might focus solely on their rights and needs versus respecting the common good, while acknowledging the mutual responsibilities he/she has with others?
Organizational Commons
74
What is the act of committing and working cooperatively with other followers and leaders to achieve shared goals by harmonizing individual roles and goals with the larger vision of the group and may include acting like a leader when required by the situation?
Followership
75
What is a collaborator with the leaders in the work of an organization?
Follower
76
What is an organizational member who demonstrates a high level of critical thinking and high levels of engagement in the organizational mission?
Exemplary Follower
77
What is the condition describing what happens to individuals who eventually fail as leaders, despite performing well for a long time in followership and junior leadership roles?
Derailment
78
What is the organizational member who demonstrates a low level of critical thinking and a high level of engagement in the organizational mission?
Conformist Follower
79
What is the organizational member who demonstrates a high level of critical thinking but low levels of engagement in the organizational mission?
Alienated Follower
80
What is the value a recipient places on a reward offered in exchange for completing a task?
Valence
81
What is the compensation that one receives for the amount of effort extended?
Reward aka Reward Outcome
82
What is an acceptable level of accomplishment of the task at hand?
Performance Objective aka Performance Outcome
83
What is the belief that achieving an acceptable level of performance will result of the task at hand?
Instrumentality
84
What is the application of knowledge, a skills and abilities an individual possesses?
Individual Behaviors
85
What term best describe the process of selecting a desired end states as a way to motivate followers?
Goal Setting
86
What is a desired end state?
Goal
87
Which theory claims that motivation is a function of expectancy, instrumentality and valence?
Expectancy Theory of Motivation
88
What is an individual's belief that he/she can perform a task to an acceptable level?
Expectancy
89
What are anything that provides direction, intensity, and persistence to behavior?
Motivation
90
What is the Phenomenon that explains why some behaviors are repeated while others stop?
Law of Effect
91
What is the presentation of reinforcements after a fixed number of correct or desired responses (E.G. after every third arrest.)
Fixed Ration Schedule
92
When reinforcers are presented after corrected or desired responses on a fix time schedule (e.g. daily, weekly, monthly, ect.)?
Fixed Interval Schedule
93
When future behaviors decreases in frequency because there is no consequence to current behavior?
Extinction
94
What is the presentation of reinforcement irregularly around an average number of correct or desired responses (e.g./ the way a slot machine pays out.)? This is a powerful way to sustain desired behavior for a long period of time.
Variable Ration Schedule
95
What is the representation of reinforcement irregularly around an average time (e.g, after one day, and two days, averaging reinforcement every two days)? This is a powerful way to sustain desired behavior for long periods of time.
Variable Interval Schedule
96
What involves in learning by comparing oneself to others?
Social Comparison Processes
97
What is the process of controlling one's own behavior by comparing one's behavior to one's personal standards and subsequently applying internal consequences?
Self-Regulation
98
What is the effect of increasing the future, desired behavior by the presentation of a positive or pleasant consequence following current behavior?
Positive Reinforcement aka Reward Contingency
99
What are consequences that increases the occurrence of a behavior in the future?
Reinforcements
100
What is the effect of increasing the future, desired behavior by the presentation of a positive or pleasant consequence following current behavior?
Reward Contingency AKA Positive Reinforcement
101
What are any behavioral reaction that someone undertakes voluntarily in response to a demand or cue from his/her environment?
Operant Response
102
What is an approach to learning and motivation based on the relationship between person's behavior and the consequences they subsequently personally experience?
Operant Conditioning
103
What is a method of learning by watching the behavior of others and the associated consequences? This also includes concepts such as vicarious extinction, vicarious learning, vicarious punishment, and vicarious reinforcement?
Observational Learning
104
What is the theoretical model originating from psychologist B.F. Skinner that has changed over time? In this model the term Punishment was Skinner's original definition of this model.
Negative Reinforcement
105
What is a collection of three theories that, in different ways, explain how consequences that follow behavior control that behavior? The theories included in this collection are operant conditioning, observation learning, and self-regulation.
Motivation through Consequence (MTC)
106
What type of reinforcement schedule follows the "Every Correct or desired behavior" approach? This results in the quick learning of new behavior, but poor sustained behavior when the reinforcement is removed.
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
107
What follows a behavior? Example is when a person sticks his finger into a light socket which results in a shock.
Consequences
108
What typically results in successful task accomplishments?
On-Task Behavior
109
What typically results in unsuccessful task accomplishments?
Off-Task Behavior
110
What term best describes what people say or do? This is related to but not the same as what one thinks, how one feels, one's underlying attitude, or overall performance in accomplishing tasks.
Behavior
111
What is the common tendency for the actor in a particular situation to blame external factors for his or her unsuccessful behavior while, concurrently, an observer tends to blame internal factors for the same behavior?
Actor/Observer Bias
112
What is the leader's tendency to be less likely to punish the follower who says he/she is sorry for his/her behavior?
Apology Effect
113
What is the process of making inferences and judgement's about the cause of people's behavior?
Attribution
114
What is the process of making an attribution based on how other people perform a specific task?
Consensus
115
What is the process of making an attribution about a person based on how well (or poorly) he/she does on a variety of different tasks?
Distinctiveness
116
What is the process of making an attribution based on how a person performed the same task on other occasions?
Consistency
117
What is the tendency to overvalue internal factors in explaining someone's behavior, while undervaluing external factors?
Fundamental Attribution Error
118
What is the process of assigning blame or credit for a person's behavior including one's own behavior to that person's ability or lack of ability?
Internal Attribution
119
What is the process of assigning blame or credit for a person's behavior including one's own behavior to external factors beyond the person's ability or lack of ability?
External Attribution
120
What is the tendency for a leader to punish a follower more severely if the follower's behavior has a negative consequences?
Negative Outcome Bias
121
What is the tendency to attribute one's own success to one's ability, and to blame failures on external factors beyond one's control?
Self Serving Bias
122
What is the study of human interaction, including the study of attraction, attitude formation, influences of which leadership is a part and group dynamics?
Social Psychology
123
What term best describes an employee perceptions are rewards he/she receives for his services? Example includes pay, benefits, praise, and promotions.
Outcomes
124
Which theory deals with perceptions of fairness in an organization?
Organizational Justice Theory
125
What is the perception of the focal person are his contributions to the exchange, for which he expects a just return? Some examples includes work effort, experience, education, training and intelligence.
Inputs
126
What exists when someone perceives that the ratio of his/her outcomes to inputs is not equal to the ratio of someone else outcomes to input?
Inequity
127
What term best describes individuals with perception of equity or inequity by comparing himself or herself with others?
Focal Person
128
What term best describes an organizational leader who directly supervises, manages, and leads the employees involved in a given situation or case study?
Focal Leader
129
Which theory assumes that people value fair treatment when comparing themselves with others, and that the perception of inequity motivates people to take actions?
Equity Theory
130
What is a person's ration of inputs and outcomes, as compared to his/hers perception of another person's ration of inputs and outcome?
Comparison Ratio
131
What type of followers are considered like a festering wound in the organization when in their minds they think themselves as Mavericks to think for themselves as being the true conscious of the organization?
Alienated Followers
132
What is the manner in which a person demonstrates and signals his or her full attention to a conversation with another person. This type of behavior involves being relaxed, maintaining eye contact, active listening and verbal following.
Attending Behavior
133
What is the process in which a person receives help to plan for the future with the organization?
Career-development counseling
134
What is the process of transferring information from one person to another? If successful then the intended message of the sender is understood by the intended receiver.
Communication
135
What are distortions, disruptions, and breakdowns that are part of the transmission process of communication, and that lead to a difference between the message and its meaning as intended by the sender and the message and its meaning as perceived by the receiver?
Noises
136
What are the ways in which we arrange and present the words in a communication process? These ways include tone, rate, inflection, pauses, facial expression, gestures, posture, and eye contact, among others.
Nonverbal communications
137
What is the process in which a person receives help to perform more effectively?
Performance-centered Counseling
138
What is the process in which a person receives help to resolve their personal problem that is interfering with performance?
Problem-centered counseling
139
What is the differences in the way people view themselves and the challenges they face?
Self-Identity
140
What can cause a hamper in communication due to the manner in which sources and receivers perceive their roles? In order to be effective, a leader must educate himself on the role and responsibility of his follower, thus; enabling him/her to be able to assign tasks and project without being questioned by his/her follower?
Role
141
In communication, what is the distance between communicators? For instance, is an important indicator of attitude between source and receiver. People tend to stand farther away from people they do not know or do not like and closer to those they do know or do like.
Proximity
142
People tend to relax with those they like and is indicated when they lean forward, maintain an open arm position or use physical gestures, such as placing a hand on an arm.
In communication, this is an example of what?
Posture
143
Facial cues, such as eye contact, can indicate the degree of liking. People tend to maintain eye contact with those they like and avoid eye contact with those they dislike.
In communication, these are examples of what?
Facial Expression
144
In communication, nonverbal indicators can be critical. People sometime listen to these indicators as they listen to a message. What are these nonverbal indicators call?
Vocal Tone
145
In communication, this nonverbal quality sends a powerful message. High status people may display appropriate ornaments, as in the military, or subtler outward signs such as the current executive style of clothing. What are these nonverbal quality call?
Appearance/Dress
146
What is the characteristic that allows leaders to gain greater personal understanding? A leader who possesses this is able to answer two questions: "Who am I?" and "What is important to me?" As this quality increases, the leader can view others more accurately and reduce the tendency to project feelings and values on others while giving advice.
Self-awareness
147
What is the quality that is demonstrated with the consistency between the leaders' statement and action? A leader who possesses this quality practices what he/she preaches.
Congruence
148
What is the attribute that includes a belief that followers are responsible for their actions and that it is important to allow them to maintain that responsibility? A leader who posses this quality will focus on issues and remove obstacles, allowing followers to generate their own solutions.
Respect for Others
149
What is a fundamental quality that helps build trust? This quality allows a leader to be open and straightforward in their observations of others, yet at the same time are willing to admit to their own limitations.
Honesty
150
What is the skill that allows a leader to go beyond what the person is saying and understand what the person means? One aspect of this skill is paying attention and attending.
Active Listening
151
Which term best describes when the focal person increases or decreases his effort in an attempt to match his or her outcomes with those of the reference source?
Altering Inputs
152
Which term best describes when the focal person attempts to increase his outcomes by approaching the boss, submitting a grievance, utilizing the labor union, or possibly filing a lawsuits?
Altering Outcomes
153
Which term best describes when the focal person distorts the value of the inputs or outcomes? For example, she/he might say, "I didn't really study for that promotion," or "The transfer process was rigged for their favorite person."
Psychologically Distorting Inputs/Outcomes
154
What best describes when the focal person increases, decreases, or distorts the inputs/outcomes of the reference source? This is done by attempting to apply pressure to get the reference source to reduce effort or receive less reward.
Acting on the Reference Source
155
Which approach involves switching the reference source to some person, group, or pattern having more nearly the same capability and reward as the focal person?
Changing Reference Source
156
Which term best describes concerns employees' perceptions about whether the level of reward or punishment is commensurate with an individual's performance or infraction? Tension can occur when the employee believes that someone has received too little or too much reward or punishment.
Distributive Justice
157
Which type of justice has to do with the perceived fairness of a procedure used to make decisions? For example, if someone is to be punished, others in the organization will be more satisfied if he has gotten adequate warnings and has had the opportunity to explain his actions.
Procedural Justice
158
Which type of justice focuses on the interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented? Employees will perceive fairness or unfairness according to the treatment extended by managers and supervisors who are executing procedures or determining outcomes.
Interactional Justice
159
What best describes the process in which member is unwilling to see the merits of others' ideas or criticizing others excessively?
Faultfinding
160
Which term best describe when a group member gives up something for the group to be successful in an endeavors? When a member choose to do this, group cohesion will be enhanced.
Sacrifice
161
What conditions tends to nurture Transformational Leadership?
1. Crisis, change, and instability
2. Mediocrity
3. Follower Disenchantment
4. Future Opportunity
162
What is the process of acquiring and interpreting data about external and internal environments?
Sensing
163
What is the process of transmitting interpreted data (information) to those parts of the organization that can act on it?
Communicating Information
164
What is the process of making decisions about actions to be taken as a result of sensed information?
Decision Making
165
What is the process of transmitting decisions and decision related orders and instructions to those parts of the organization that must implement them?
Communicating Instructions
166
What is the process of taking actions to maintain internal stability and integration that might otherwise be disrupted by actions taken to cope with changes in the environment?
Stabilizing
167
What is the process of executing actions against an environment (external or internal) as a result of an organizational decision?
Coping Actions
168
What is the process of determining the results of an action through further sensing of the external and internal environments?
Feedback
169
What best describes the type of problem solving that relies on the scientific method, rather than guesswork to diagnose problems?
Systematic Problem Solving
170
What is the most important activity of a learning organization? This process enable knowledge to be spread quickly and efficiently throughout the organization.
Transferring Knowledge
171
Which term best describes a mistake made during the attribution process that leads to erroneous judgement about the cause of an individual's actions?
Bias
172
Which term best describes a situation where one officer if punished more severely when an accidental discharge of a firearm struck someone versus another officer being punished less severely when an accidental discharge of a firearm did not strike anyone?
Negative outcome bias
173
Which term best describes " When you do something, you learn that it is enjoyable, so you do it again to repeat the enjoyment. In contrast, any behavior that produces discomfort in a particular situation is less likely to reappear when the situation recurs."?
Law of Effect
174
Because behaviors are key to successful task completion, what type of behavior should a leader reward or discourage?
Should reward on-task behavior and discourage off-task behavior
175
Officer Joe learn to control the effects of adrenaline and not drive the patrol car too fast only after punishment was imposed. What type of learning did the officer experience?
This is part of the Punishment Function calls "Avoidance Learning"
176
What are the two kinds of positive reinforcement?
Primary and Secondary
177
What is the kind of reinforcement that consist of things that are necessary for life, such as water or food?
Primary positive reinforcement
178
What is the kind of reinforcement that tend to cause learning of work behaviors to include praise, promotions, and/or recognition?
Secondary positive reinforcement
179
What type of learning has occurred when a leader administered a consequence to a person and it also influence the behavior of others in the organization?
observational learning
180
Which term best describe a student comparing his/her test score to another student's test score?
social comparison processes
181
What occurs when an employee believes that inputs and outcomes are disproportionate when compared to someone else's?
Inequity
182
As part of the employer-employee exchange, what term best describe what employee brings to the table?
inputs
183
As part of the employer-employee exchange, what term best describe what an employee expects in return for what he/she brought to the table?
outcomes
184
In the Equity Theory Variables, Inputs and Outcomes will always be compared with what?
A reference source
185
What are the three component of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation?
1. Expectancy
2. Instrumentality
3. Valence
186
Which component of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation exist when an individual asks himself "If I try, can I perform to standard?"?
Expectancy
187
Which component of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation exist when an individual asks himself "If I perform to standard, will I get a reward?"?
Instrumentality
188
Which component of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation exist when an individual asks himself "Is the reward something I want?"?
Valence
189
Which theory of motivation assumes that human beings will choose to engage in tasks and activities they believe that can accomplish and which lead to the rewards they want?
Expectancy Theory of Motivation
190
Which term best describes the extent to which an individual is personally committed to achieving an organizational goal?
Gaining Goal Acceptance
191
Which term best describes the ability to provide the necessary support element to employees in order for employees to complete the required task?
Providing Support
192
Which term best describes providing people information about their progress toward achieving their goal?
Supplying Feedback
193
Which type of followers are troublesome, cynical, negative, headstrong but lacking judgement, not a team player, of even adversarial to the point of being hostile?
Alienated Follower
194
Which type of follower does not like to stick out, their survivors, tend to be mediocre performers and clog the arteries of many organizations?
Pragmatist Follower
195
Which type of follower are seen by co-workers and leaders ad independent, innovative, creative, and willing to stand up to superiors. These type of followers apply their talents for the benefit of the organization even when confronted with bureaucratic stumbling blocks or passive or pragmatist co-workers.
Exemplary Follower
196
Which term best describe organization like military squads and law enforcement group reliance heavily on each other for support and assistance?
Interdependency
197
Scenario: A patrol officer initiated a new way to approach a crime problem that the squad is dealing with and coordinate efforts by organizing meetings to discuss problem-solving ideas with the new approach.
In the scenario above, what role did the patrol officer take within the squad?
Task-facilitating role
198
Scenario: Some of your squad member are having conflict among each other. You take it upon yourself to help mediate the problem, thus; returning the squad to a tension-free climate.
In the scenario above, what role did you take within the squad?
Relationship-building role
199
Faultfinding in which the member is unwilling to see the the merits of others' ideas or criticizing other excessively is an example of what role?
Blocking role
200
Which term best describes the facilitation of group survivals. This term makes each group member more predictable as to what behavior is expected of a group. It helps the group avoid embarrassing interpersonal problems and it express the central values of the group and clarify what is distinctive about the group's identity.
Group Norms
201
A patrol squad is best classify as what type of group composition? The member of these squads need the same abilities, skills, and resources to complete their job.
Homogenous
202
A SWAT team where each group member has unique skills which are required to resolve a myriad of tactical situations can be classify as what type of group composition?
Heterogeneous
203
What intergroup conflict best describes a Crime Prevention Unit taking longer to measure their program effectiveness vs a Patrol Unit can measure their output daily?
Tangible Nature of Work
204
Which intergroup conflict best describes two different shifts do not interact with each other; hence, when one group gets in the way of the other, conflict emerges?
Frequency of Interaction
205
In a minor conflict, the leader may choose to ignore the conflict. The leader hopes that the group will work out their differences for themselves. This is an example of which strategy?
Avoidance
206
Compliant relationships that are characterized by factors such as age, social class, legal designation, and recognized hierarchical position are a function of what bases of social power?
Legitimate Power
207
When a lecturer cite his/her background before the lecture, he/she establishes his expertise thus the speaker's credibility. In this way, it gives the speaker authority-power to make assertions based upon his or her expertise. This is an example of what type of power within the bases of social power theory?
Expert Power
208
What is an unplanned incremental change made in response to past or current events? This is how the leader response to call for action.
Adaptation
209
Scenario: An organization is considering changing its Employee Evaluation Report. In anticipation of that change, the leadership decides to change the Field Training Officer Performance Report in order to align it with the proposed new evaluation form.
The above scenario is an example of what type of change?
Tuning
210
Scenario: In the 1980s proliferation of computers was a significant change in the technological environment. In order to adapt, some law enforcement agencies began to issue computers to trainees.
The above scenario is an example of what type of change?
Adaptation
211
Scenario: A company leadership saw changes in the environment that would require its employees to possess new or different knowledge, skills, and abilities in order to survive in that environment. In anticipation of those requirements, the leadership made changes in the components of the organizational system as well as the culture of the organization.
The above scenario is an example of what type of change?
Reorientation
212
Scenario: The government dictated that, due to budget cutbacks, the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center would be the sole service provider for all law enforcement training. The leadership of internal agency training components recreated their organizational components and culture in order to react successfully to this major change set in motion by external events.
The above scenario is an example of what type of change?
Re-creation
