Learining Approach

Question 1

Practical applications:

Answer 1

A further strength of the behaviourist approach is that it has practical applications. Many studies have shown how behaviour can be changed using conditioning
and this knowledge has then been used to modify behaviour in the real world. Systematic desensitisation is effective in treating phobias and is structured from the principles of

classical conditioning. Token economy uses the principles of operant conditioning and is
widely used in institutions to encourage certain behaviours. Token economy involves
reinforcing desirable behaviour with a token that can then be exchanged for some kind of reward. Within the walls of the prison, desirable behaviour may take many forms but is likely to include avoiding conflict, following prison rules, keeping one’s cell orderly etc. This is a strength as both classical and operant conditioning has been used in a practical way to help modify maladaptive behaviour.- PEI

Question 2

Extrapolation of animal research

Answer 2

One limitation of the behaviourist approach is the extrapolation of animal research. Using animal research and then applying the findings to humans is a limitation of this approach. Some psychologists argue that as humans are
qualitatively different to other animals this is unsuitable. Humans have very complex behaviours such as language acquisition and abstract cognitions that mean we are not the
same as rats and dogs. However, the behaviourists justify using animals, as humans and
animals both learn through conditioning techniques. Even so, it is limiting to use the findings
of animal studies to explain human behaviour because of the differences that exist.

Question 3

Scientific Methodology

Answer 3

One strength of the behaviourist approach is the use of scientific
methodology. The behaviourist approach studies observable and measurable behaviours, and so is said to be objective. This means it is free from researcher bias and the findings will not be affected by personal judgement as having objective research improves the validity of the findings. In addition, another way the methodology is scientific is that the research is usually carried out using very well controlled laboratory-based studies and is therefore replicable.
This means it can be repeated and the results can then be checked for consistency, known as reliability. This is a strength because there have been hundreds of such studies supporting the success of classical and operant conditioning and so it is seen to be a reliable explanation for
behaviour.