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Question 1

Which colour of light has the shortest wavelength?

Answer 1

Violet has the shortest wavelength

Question 2

EMR transmits what

Answer 2

EMR transmits energy

Question 3

According to Beer-Lambert law, if the l and ɛ are constant, absorbance is proportional to what?

Answer 3

Absorbance is proportional to concentration

Question 4

EMR causes atoms to move from their preferred (1) state to an (2) state

Answer 4

Prefered ground to an excited state

Question 5

Which colour of light has the longest wavelength?

Answer 5

red has the largest wavelength

Question 6

Electrochemical methods are often used in the measurement of which analytes?

Answer 6

Sodium

Question 7

When using a spectrophotometer, what units are used for absorbance?

Answer 7

None, its a log of a ratio

Question 8

According to the Beer-Lambert law, it concentration decreases then absorbance will

Answer 8

decrease

Question 9

Fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs light photons from which part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 9

UV

Question 10

In the following Beer-Lambert Law equation what does ‘l’ stand for?

A= ɛ.l.c

Answer 10

length of light path

Question 11

Higher , Middle, Lower

Answer 11

Vo, Ve,VT,

Question 12

In normal phase chromatography

Answer 12

stationary phases is polar and mobile phase is non polar

Question 13

in reverse phase chromatography

Answer 13

stationary phases is non polar and mobile is polar

Question 14

define fractionation range

Answer 14

The molecules within this size range will be separated by the gel according to size’

Question 15

Molecules above the fraction range of a column will….

Answer 15

Elute from the column first and will be seen as the first peak measured

Question 16

Molecules below the fraction range of a column will….

Answer 16

Elute from the column last and will be seen as the last peak measured

Question 17

he G-50 column, used to separate a dye mixture in the lab, was made from what beads

Answer 17

Sephadex

Question 18

The fractionation range for a G50 column is?

Answer 18

1500-30000

Question 19

HPLC resolution is achieved by

Answer 19

small stationary particles and high pressure

Question 20

Why is it important that a vacuum is maintained inside the mass spec?

Answer 20

So that ions produced in the ionisation chamber have a free run through the machine without hitting air molecules

Question 21

The solvent methanol is more polar than chloroform

Answer 21

methanol IS more polar than chloroform

Question 22

in TLC, the silica gel stationary phase is non-polar

Answer 22

Stationary phase is POLAR

Question 23

Electrophoresis can be used to separate

Answer 23

DNA RNA PROTEINS

Question 24

When a voltage is applied, samples will separate out according to their

Answer 24

Electrophoretic Mobility

Question 25

Electrophoretic mobility is determined by

Answer 25

Shape, Mass, Charge, Medium, Buffer PH

Question 26

How is a potential gradient produced?

Answer 26

when a voltage is applied across two electrodes

Question 27

What is commonly used to stain proteins?

Answer 27

coomassie blue ,ponceau S

Question 28

What is commonly used to stain DNA?

Answer 28

gel green , gel red , ethidium bromide

Question 29

What key factors affect fixation?

Answer 29

Concentration, Duration, PH, Temperature

Question 30

What is used in histochemistry to locate carbohydrates in tissues?

Answer 30

Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) reaction

Question 31

histopathology

Answer 31

The study of disease at tissue level

Question 32

Histology

Answer 32

the study of tissues and its structure under a microscope

Question 33

Which microscope(s) can be used to visualise unstained samples

Answer 33

Dark Field, Phase contrast

Question 34

What is commonly used to embed tissue in a solid material?

Answer 34

Wax

Question 35

In cytology, what stain can be used to stain cervical cells?

Answer 35

Papanicalaou stain

Question 36

histochemistry

Answer 36

The study of known substances within the structural framework through chemical interactions

Question 37

What is the common material used for fixation in cellular pathology labs

Answer 37

formalin

Question 38

What is commonly used to remove water in tissue dehydration

Answer 38

Alcohol

Question 39

what is the most common stain in histology and what does it do?

Answer 39

its HandE Haematoxylin and Eosin , stains nuclei purple.blue and cytoplasm pink

Question 40

which microscope has limited diagnostic applications and is more commonly used in research?

Answer 40

confocal

Question 41

f we wanted to look for changes in the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, which microscope would we use?

Answer 41

electron

Question 42

vactutainer colour order

Answer 42

Blue, Yellow, Purple, Grey

Question 43

haemodilution?

Answer 43

Sometimes blood may be taken from the drip arm of a patient which can lead to falsely lowered results.

Question 44

4 blood constituents

Answer 44

RBC, WBC, Plasma/Serum, Plateletes

Question 45

re-analytical errors account for what percentage of total laboratory errors?

Answer 45

70%

Question 46

In general, what sample would be used for the analysis of enzymes?

Answer 46

Serum

Question 47

In general, what sample type is used for the analysis of clotting factors?

Answer 47

Plasma

Question 48

if a sample tube contains an anticoagulant, when the blood sample is centrifuged there will be cells and.

Answer 48

Plasma

Question 49

What colour tube contains potassium EDTA as a anticoagulant?

Answer 49

Purple

Question 50

What colour tube is used for coagulation testing?

Answer 50

Blue

Question 51

What colour tube, most commonly used in biochemistry, contains a clot activator and separation gel?

Answer 51

Yellow

Question 52

What decade was automation first introduced into the laboratory?

Answer 52

1950's

Question 53

Automation has reduced error rates by what percentage?

Answer 53

70%

Question 54

Pre analytical steps That Same Alligator Poked Same Shoe

Answer 54

``` Test request Sample receipt Aliquoting of tap offs Phlebotomy Sample centrifugation Sample Transport ```

Question 55

post-analytical step that takes place in the laboratory RV

Answer 55

Reporting of Result | Validation of result

Question 56

An analyser that performs only selected assays is known as what?

Answer 56

discrete

Question 57

An analyser that analyses samples independent of loading order is known as what?

Answer 57

Random access

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of an analytical step?

Answer 58

Quality Control , Analysis of Sample

Question 59

Which of the following is an example of a pre-analytical step that takes place in the laboratory? That Same Aligator Cant

Answer 59

Test request, Sample receipt , Aliquoting tap offs, Sample centrifugation

Question 60

What order do pre-analytical machines perform the following functions? Racoons Can Detain A Raging Semi dogging

Answer 60

``` Recognition of the barcode and requested tests Centrifugation Decap Aliquot into analysis cup Recap Store Direct analysis cup to correct analyser ```

Question 61

Point of care testing

Answer 61

Analytical procedures performed for patients by non-laboratory staff outside of the conventional laboratory setting

Question 62

quality control

Answer 62

Quality is the right , at the right time on the right specimen from the right patient