Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physics paper 2 😭 > Learn these > Flashcards

Learn these Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How is the Kelvin scale absolute

A

Defined in terms of absolute zero, 0k, when particles have no kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s 0°c in k?

A

273.16k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alpha decay

A

Two protons
Two neutrons
From unstable nucleus
Nueclon number decrease by 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Angular displacement

A

The angle an object in circular motion turns through

2πft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Angular speed

A

Rate of change in angular displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antiparticle

A

Have the same mass and rest energy as a particle but the opposite charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atomic mass unit

A

Unified atomic mass constant
1.661x10^-27kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Back emf

A

Am emf induced in the spinning coil of a motor/any coil with a changing current
It opposes the change- in accordance with Lenz law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Background radiation

A

Due to naturally occurring radioactive substances, e.g rocks, food, cosmic rays
Must be recorded and subtracted in an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beta minus radiation

A

A high energy electron emitted from decay in a unstable neutron rich nucleus. An anti neutrino also emitted.
Proton number increase by 1, nueclon number unchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta plus decay

A

Occurs in a proton rich nucleus, a positron emitted and neutrino, a up to down quark
Never naturally occurring would not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Binding energy of a nucleus

A

Work that must be done to separate a nucleus into its constituent neutrons and protons overcoming the strong nuclear force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brownian motion

A

Random unpredictable motion of smoke particles/ pollen due to collision with atoms.
First evidence for the existence of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Capacitance

A

Charge stored per a unit of pd across a capacitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capacitor time constant

A

RC= the time taken to decrease to 0.37 of it’s original value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chain reaction

A

A series of reactions where each reaction leads to a further reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Control rods

A

Made of a neuton absorbing substance (e.g boron) which reduce neutron flux and leads to 1 fisson event going onto 1 starting (controlling the chain reaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Coolant

A

A fluid used to keep a device from becoming dangerously hot, needed in a nuclear reactor. Requires a high specific heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Critical mass

A

The minimum mass of the fissile isotope in a nuclear reactor required to produce a controlled chain reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

de Broglie wavelength

A

A particle of matter has a wave like nature, this defines the wave like nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Decay constant

A

Probably of an individual nucleus decaying per a second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dielectric

A

Increases the capacitance between parallel plates, the arrangement of the molecules in-between plates allows charge to be stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dose equivalent

A

Comparative measure of the effect of each type of ionising radiation, the energy needed to be absorbed per a unit mass of matter from 250K of X-radiation to have the same effect as a certain dose
Units:Sv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Eddy current

A

Induced currents in the metal parts of an ac machine
Flow in circles, will induce a magnetic field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Elastic collision
Kinetic energy is conserved
26
Electric field strength
The force per a unit charge on a small positively charged object at that point in the field
27
Electric potential
Work done per a unit charge on a small positively charged object to move it from infinity to that point in the field
28
Electromagnetic induction
Generation of an EMF due to a change in magnetic flux linkage/ conductor cuts across magnetic field lines
29
Electromotive force
The amount of electrical energy per a unit charge produced inside a source of electrical energy
30
Equipotential
A line in a field along which the electric/gravitational potential is constant
31
Escape velocity
Minimum velocity required to escape from the planets gravitational field when projected vertically mv²/r=GMm/r²
32
Explosion
When two objects fly apart with equal and opposite momentum
33
Nuclear fission
Splitting of a large unstable nucleus into two approximately equal fragments, daughter nuclei Can be induced by absorbing a neutron
34
Fission neutrons
Released when a nucleus under goes fission
35
Force
Rate of change in momentum
36
Nuclear Fusion
Fusing of two light unstable nuclei to from on large daughter nucleus
37
Geostationary satellite
Stays above the same point on the earths surface as it's above the equator and has the same time period as earth
38
G
The gravitational constant from Newtowns law of gravitation
39
Gravitational field strength
Force per a unit mass on a small mass placed in the field
40
Gravitational force
Attractive force which acts equally on any two masses due to their mass
41
Gravitational potential energy
Work done to move the mass from infinity to that point
42
Half life
Time taken for the mass of a radioactive isotope to decrease to half the initial mass/activity/number of nuclei
43
Hall probe
A device used to measure magnetic flux density
44
Heat
Energy transferred due to a difference in temperature
45
An ideal gas
It obeys Boyle's laws
46
Internal energy
Sum of the random distribution of potential and kinetic energy of it's molecules
47
Ionising radiation
Radiation that produces ions when passing through a material, knocking outer electrons off atoms This destroys cell membranes and can damage DNA
48
Lines of force in a field
Shows the path followed by a free positive test charge/mass (move towards the M)
49
Magnetic flux
BA for a uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to A
50
Magnetic flux density (B)
The magnetic force per a unit length per a unit current on the carrying conductor which is perpendicular to field lines
51
Magnetic flux linkage
Through a coil of N turns multipled by the magnetic flux density and area
52
Mass defect
The difference between the mass of the nucleus and all the separated nucleons m=(binding energy/ c)½
53
Metastable state
An excited state of the nuclei of an isotope that lasts long enough after alpha/beta emission to be separate from the parent isotope
54
Moderator
Slows neutrons to a thermal neutron by elastic collisions between neutrons and atoms leading to transfer if momentum. Requires small light nuclei (small m, large v) so graphite is commonly used in nuclear reactors
55
Heat exchanger
Transfers thermal energy produced by the fission reaction to the secondary coolant which drives turbines
56
Thermal neutron
Slowed so it's in thermal equilibrium with it's surroundings 1/2mv²=3/2kT
57
Motor effect
The force on a current carrying conductor due to a magnetic field
58
Natural frequency
Frequency of a free osculating system
59
Permittivity of free space
Charge per a unit area (on coulombs per squared meter) on oppositely charged plates in a vacuum, when electric field strength is 1 volt per a metre
60
Potential gradient
The change in potential per a unit change of distance along the field line at that point
61
Radial field
Field lines are straight and converge on/diverge from a single point
62
Relative permittivity
Ratio of the charge stored by a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric and one without a dielectric when the same pd is across the plates
63
Resonance
The greatest amplitude when the periodic force has the same frequency as the resonant frequency
64
Root mean squared speed
The square root of the mean value of all individual molecules speed squared Crms = (c²+c².../N)½
65
Specific heat capacity
Energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K
66
Specific latent heat
Energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance, without a change in temperature Fussion= liquid to solid Vaporisation= liquid to gas
67
Sublimation
Solid directly changes to a vapour
68
Temperature
The degree of hotness of an object, defined in terms of "fixed points"
69
Thermal energy
Internal energy of an object due to temperature
70
Thermal nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor which has a moderator in the core
71
Transformer
Converts the amplitude of an AC p.d to a different value, consisting of two coils and a conducting core More turns on the secondary coil = step up
72
Uniform field
The field strength is the same in magnitude and direction at every point in the field E.g between two oppositely charged parallel plates, in a solenoid carrying a constant current (near the axis)
73
Sub-critical mass
All chains die out as neutrons are all absorbed or escape, more of the radioactive isotope needed
74
Super critical mass
Several new fission reactions will follow each reaction, a chain reaction which can't be controlled
75
Activity of a radioactive sample
The rate of decay Α=λΝ

Physics paper 2 😭 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions