Learning and Conditioning Flashcards Preview

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR 2 > Learning and Conditioning > Flashcards

Flashcards in Learning and Conditioning Deck (13)
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1
Q

Define ‘learning’

A

Any relatively permanent change in the behaviour feelings or thoughts as a consequence of prior experience and it also involves the adaptation of the individual to the environment

2
Q

What are the different types of learning?

A
  • Auditory - hearing
  • Kinesthetic - touching
  • Visual – seeing
3
Q

What are examples of ‘non-learnt’ behaviours?

A

Reflexes, habituation, instinct and imprinting

4
Q

What is stimulus generalisation?

A

A response to a specific stimulus is then associated with other, similar stimuli

5
Q

What is stimulus discrimination?

A

Where an individual responds to one stimulus and not another

6
Q

What is acquisition of a conditioned response?

A

Learning phase where the conditioned response is strengthened

7
Q

What is extinction of a conditioned response?

A

Gradual weakening of the conditioned response tendency

8
Q

What is spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response?

A

Reappearance of a conditioned response the has been extinguished without any environmental prompting

9
Q

What is the garcia effect?

A

An individual will avoid eating certain food/drink due to a past unpleasant experience

10
Q

Describe the neurobiology behind fear

A

Cues that produce fear e.g. snake travel through basal and central nuclei in the amygdala and activate fear and anxiety

11
Q

What is a positive punishment in operative conditioning?

A

Application of an unpleasant stimuli e.g. being hit

12
Q

What is a negative punishment in operative conditioning?

A

Removal of a pleasant stimulus e.g. being grounded

13
Q

Which brain structure is particularly important in operant conditioning?

A

Nucleus accumbens (hypothalamic nuclei)