Learning disability

Question 1

IQ range of mild, moderate severe profound LD?

Answer 1

Mild: 69-50
Moderate: 49-35
Severe – IQ 20-34; Profound – IQ <20

Question 2

Ability to self care, language, reading and qwriting, ability to work, social skills, qualities in mild, moderate severe LD?

Answer 2

Ability to self care: Mild = independent; Moderate = need some help; severe = limited
Language: Mild = reasonable, moderate = limied, severe = basic or jone
Ability to work: Mild = Semi-skilled; Moderate = unskilled, supervised; severe = supervised basic tasks
Social skils: Mild = normal; moderate= moderate; severe = few

Question 3

Common psychiatric co-morbidities in LD?

Answer 3

1. Anxiety
2. schizophrenia
3. Mood disorders
4. Depression
5. Psychosis

Question 4

Associated physical conditions of Down’s syndrome?

Answer 4

• Increased susceptibility to infections (eg. Pneumonia or flu) – important to for down’s babies to receive all immunisations
• Heart conditions – half have a CHD
• Hypothyroidism – screen for T4 and TSH (T4 often normal)
• Atlantaaxial deformities
• Periodontal disease and dental problems
• Epilepsy
• Coeliac disease

Question 5

What is williams syndrome? Features?

Answer 5

inherited neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7
• Features: distinctive facial characteristics including a wide mouth with a pronounced bottom lip, slightly high and rounded cheeks, and widely-spaced teeth

• Tend to be very talkative and excessively friendly

Question 6

Prenatal causes of LD?

Answer 6

Genetic disorders: 
Chromosomal abnormalities eg. downs
Autosomal dominant eg. tuberous sclerosis
Autosomal recessive eg. Phenylketonuria
X linked eg. fragile X

Maternal infections (rubella)

Alcohol

Question 7

Perinatal causes of LD?

Answer 7

Trauma, hypoxia or hypoglycaemia during delivery

Kernicterus

Question 8

Post-natal causes of LD?

Answer 8

Infection (eg. meningitis, encephalitis)

Brain injury

Intoxication (eg. lead)

Malnutrition
Metabolic
Epilepsy

Question 9

Most common medical conditions seen in people with LD?

Answer 9

Epilepsy