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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (2nd Grading Period) > Learning Guide 9: Social and Political Stratification (2nd Grading Period) > Flashcards

Learning Guide 9: Social and Political Stratification (2nd Grading Period) Flashcards

1
Q

It describes the way in which different groups of people are placed within society.

A

Stratification

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2
Q

It refers to a Society’s Categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tier based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power.

A

Social Stratification

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3
Q

The 6 Common Basis of Stratification:

A
  1. Wealth and Income
  2. Social Class
  3. Ethnicity
  4. Gender
  5. Political Status
  6. Religion
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4
Q

The Stratification of Society is also based upon either an ___ or ___ system.

A

Open, Closed

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5
Q

It is achieved through merit and effort.
This is known as Meritocracy.

A

Open Status

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

It is Ascribed, rather than Achieved.

Ascribed Status can be based upon several factors, such as Family Background (e.g. The Feudal System consists of Landowners and Serfs.)

Political Factors may also play a Role. (e.g. Societies organized on the basis of communism.)

As an Ethnicity (e.g. The Former Apartheid Regime in South Africa.)

A

Closed Status

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8
Q

2 Types of Stratification:

A
  1. Social Stratifcation
  2. Political Stratification
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9
Q

It refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a Hierarchy.

It is when individuals and groups are ranked in more or less permanent status in society.

A

Social Stratification

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10
Q

4 Major Principle in Social Stratification:

A
  1. Trait of Society.
  2. Persists over Generations.
  3. Universal
  4. Inequality
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11
Q

It is concerned with the unequal distribution of political power, reward and unequal distribution of political power, reward and inequalities in access to political offices.

A

Political Stratification

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12
Q

The 2 Approaches to the Study of Stratification:

A
  1. Conflict Theory
  2. Functionalist Theory
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13
Q

According to Karl Marx in all stratified societies there are Two Major Social Groups: Ruling Class & Subject Class.

A

Conflict Theory

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14
Q

According to Karl Marx in all stratified societies there are Two Major Social Groups: ___ Class & ___ Class.

A

Ruling and Subject

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15
Q

It obtains power by controlling the means of production while they are using the subject class for their own benefit.

A

Ruling Class (Bourgeoisie)

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16
Q

They are being oppressed and exploited.

A

Subject Class (Proletariat)

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17
Q

4 Main Epochs in Western Society:

A
  1. Primitive Communism
  2. Ancient Society
  3. Feudal Society
  4. Capitalist Society
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18
Q
  1. It is a classless society.
  2. It is filled with Masters and Slaves.
  3. It is for Lords and Serfs.
  4. It is filled with Capitalist Wage Laborers.
A
  1. Primitive Communism
  2. Ancient Society
  3. Feudal Society
  4. Capitalist Society
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19
Q

Order, Stability, and Cooperation are based on the agreed values of the people in society concerning what is good and useful. (According to Talcotts Parsons.)
Stratification exists in every known human society. (According to Kingsley Davis and Moore.)

They believe that inequality is inevitable and desirable and plays an important function in society.

A

Functionalist Theory

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20
Q

It measures the value of all assets of worth owned by a person, community, company, or country.

is determined by taking the total market value of all physical and intangible assets owned, then subtracting all debts.

A

Wealth

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21
Q

Two Kinds of Property:

A
  1. Consumption Property
  2. Productive Property
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22
Q

This property is for Personal Use. (Clothes, Cars, Family Homes.)

A

Consumption Property

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23
Q

This property is used to make Money.

It is capital and includes factories, farms, stocks, and shares.

A

Productive Property

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24
Q

It is a fundamental and sociological concept that affects every level of society and influences our daily lives in countless ways. (According to Croteau and Hoynes, 2013.)

A

Power

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25
Q

Power comes from Anglo-Norman French “___” from the Alteration of Latin Posse which means “To be able.” - ___ (meaning To be able), Anglo-Norman French.

A

“Poeir”

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26
Q

3 Types of Power:

A
  1. Economic Power
  2. Politcal Power
  3. Cultural Power
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27
Q

In any group in society, power determines who will receive important resources and how it will be used.

In the family, the person who controls the spending has the power to decide what food to eat and clothes to buy.

Purchasing power is a significant component of economic power.

A

Economic Power

28
Q

Some people set the conditions that others are expected to live with.

Congress passes laws and establishes regulations that will organize the people in the society.

Those with power set rules and those who are powerless are expected to follow rules.

A

Political Power

29
Q

Influencing people the ideas they follow and perspectives are one way to exercise cultural power.

A

Cultural Power

30
Q

It is a special advantage that not everyone enjoys.

Widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.

Respect and admiration given to someone or something, usually because of a reputation for high quality, success, or social influence.

A

Prestige

31
Q

4 System of Stratification:

A
  1. Slavery
  2. Estate System (Feudalism)
  3. Caste System
  4. Class System
32
Q

It is the condition of being legally owned by someone else, or the system in which some people are owned by others. The activity of legally owning other people who are forced to work for or obey you.

A

Slavery

33
Q

It emerged during the Middle Ages.

It requires peasants to work on the land (fief) leased to them by the nobles in exchange for military protection against the other lords.

A

Estate System or Feudalism

34
Q

It is a class structure that is determined by birth.

Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you’re going to be poor, too.

The caste system is prominent in Indian society.

A

Caste System

35
Q

5 Indian Caste Systems:

A
  1. Brahmins
  2. Kshatriyas
  3. Vaisyas
  4. Sudras
  5. Pariah “Harijans”
36
Q

The 5 Indian Caste Systems:
1. - (Priests)
2. - (Warriors and Rulers)
3. - (Skilled Traders, Merchants, and Minor Officials)
4. - (Unskilled Workers)
5. - (Outcastes, “Untouchables”, “Children of God”)

A
  1. Brahmins
  2. Kshatriyas
  3. Vaisyas
  4. Sudras
  5. Pariah “Harijans”
37
Q

It is a social rank based on economic position who’s achieved characteristics can influence social mobility.

It is different from other social stratification because in the class system, you can go from one stratum or social rank to another.

A

Class System

38
Q

It is defined as the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society.

___ is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. (According to thought.com)

A

Social Inequality

39
Q

4 Ways to Recognize and Maintain Differences in Social Inequality:

A
  1. Amalgamation
  2. Assimilation
  3. Segregation
  4. Genocide
40
Q

A minority and majority group blended or mixed together to form a new group.

A

Amalgamation

41
Q

Members of minority groups adopt the culture of the majority group.

A

Assimilation

41
Q

Keeping a distinct social group physically and socially separate and unequal.

A

Segregation

42
Q

It is a systematic killing of a group of people based on their race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion.

A

Genocide

43
Q

It comprises all our knowledge, abilities, talents, skills, intelligence, training, judgment, and experience.

It also includes our wisdom, individually, and collectively.

A

Human Capital

44
Q

It refers to the resources available to people and entities because of their networks.

The assets we possess by virtue of the social relations that we develop and maintain, and the shared values which arise from those networks, make up social capital.

A

Social Capital

45
Q

It refers to a degree of accumulated prestige, celebrity or honor.

In Distinction (1984), Bourdieu refers to symbolic capital as:
“The acquisition of a reputation for competence and an image of respectability and honorability…” (1984, p. 291)

A

Symbolic Capital

46
Q

It acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an individual’s living experience.

A

Gender Inequality

47
Q

It is a disparity in opportunity and treatment that occurs as a result of someone’s race.

A

Racial Inequality

48
Q

It is defined as shared cultural heritage, often deriving from common ancestry and homeland.

A

Ethnicity

49
Q

It is a category of people widely perceived as sharing socially significant physical characteristics such as skin color.

A

Race

50
Q

4 Categories of Race:

A
  1. American Indian or Alaska Native
  2. Asian
  3. Black or African Amerian
  4. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders
  5. White
51
Q
  1. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America
  2. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
  3. A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
  4. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
  5. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
A
  1. American Indian or Alaska Native
  2. Asian
  3. Black or African Amerian
  4. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders
  5. White
52
Q

It is a collection of people who differ in race or color or in national, religious, or cultural origin from the dominant group, often the majority population of the country in which they live.

A

Ethnic Minority

53
Q

It is a group of people who suffer disadvantages and have less power because of physical or cultural characteristics.

A

Minority Group

54
Q

It is a people who enjoy privileges and have more access to power because of identifiable physical or cultural characteristics.

A

Majority Group

55
Q

Are those suffering from restriction of different abilities, as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.

A

Disabled Persons

56
Q

It means;

  1. A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individual or activities of such individual;
  2. A record of such an impairment; or
  3. Being regarded as having such an impairment.
A

Disability

57
Q

It refers to a disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the functions or activity that is considered normal given the age and sex of the individual.

A

Handicap

58
Q

In the Philippines, there is a law that protects the person with disabilities, ____ – An Act Providing for the Rehabilitation, Self-Development and Self-Reliance of Disabled Person and their Integration Into the Mainstream of Society and for Other Purposes.

A

RA 7277

59
Q

It is driven by social changes both of the inequality within countries and the inequality between countries.

A

Global Inequality

60
Q

It is the change, shift, and movement of an individual or group in social position.

A

Social Mobility

61
Q
A
62
Q

4 Different Sense in Mobility:

A
  1. Change
  2. Promotion
  3. Accumulation
  4. One Generation to Another.
63
Q

5 Types of Social Mobility:

A
  1. Vertical Mobility
  2. Horizontal Mobility
  3. Inter-Generational Social Mobility
  4. Intra-Generational Social Mobility
  5. Structural Mobility
64
Q

5 Types of Social Mobility:

  1. It is a movement up or down the social strata.
    This refers to a change in the occupational, political, or religious status of a person that causes a change in their societal position.
  2. It is the change of status without a corresponding shift within the social hierarchy.

This occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged.

  1. It is the change in the status of family members from one generation to the next.

Inter-generational mobility happens when the social position changes from one generation to another.

The change can be upward or downward.

  1. It is the advancement of one’s social level during the course of one’s lifetime. It is a change in social status which occurs within a person’s adult career.
  2. t is a kind of vertical mobility.

It may be viewed as a vertical movement of a specific group, class or occupation relative to others in the stratification system.

A
  1. Vertical Mobility
  2. Horizontal Mobility
  3. Inter-Generational Social Mobility
  4. Intra-Generational Social Mobility
  5. Structural Mobility

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (2nd Grading Period) (4 decks)

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