Learning objectives - Ch 2

Question 1

Sagittal plane

Answer 1

Divides body into left and right

Question 2

Frontal (Coronal) plane

Answer 2

Divides the body from anterior and posterior

Question 3

Transverse plane

Answer 3

Divides the body into top and bottom

Question 4

List 10 Anatomical body movements

Answer 4

Flexion
Eversion
Extension
Medial rotation
Opposition
Supination
Plantarflexion
Adduction
Circumduction
Scapular elevation, depression
protraction

Question 5

List 8 Anatomical postions

Answer 5

Deep 
Superficial 
Lateral
Medial
Proximal
Distal 
Inferior
Superior

Question 6

Function of bones (5)

Answer 6

Support the body
Protection of soft organs
Allows movement from attached skeletal muscles
Storage of fats and minerals in yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow produces RBC n WBC

Question 7

What are two types of bone tissue

Answer 7

Compact - homogeneous

Spongy bone - Small needle like pieces of bone (porous)

Question 8

4 Classification of bone shape

Answer 8

Long - femur, humerus
Short - Carpals, tarsals
Flat - skull ribs
Irregular - Vertebrae

Question 9

List the gross anatomy of a long bone

Answer 9

Diaphysis or shaft - compact bone

Epiphysis - Ends of bones

Question 10

3 parts of Diaphysis

Answer 10

Periosteum - Outside covering of diaphysis, fibrous connective tissue
Sharpey’s fibers - secure periosteum to underlying bone
Arteries- supply bone cells with nutrients

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

Articular cartilage - covers the surface, decrease friction

Question 12

Medullary cavity (3)

Answer 12

Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow marrow in adults and adipose tissue
Red marrow in infants, produces RBC WBC

Question 13

5 Microscopic Anatomy of Compact bone

Answer 13

Osteocytes - Bone cell
Lacunae - Osteocytes which form in cavity
Lamellae - Name of the circular arrangement of lacunae
Central/Haversian canals - Canals which lamellae form around
Haversian system/Osteon - all 4 combined

Question 14

Haversian canals

Answer 14

carry blood vessel and nerves

Question 15

Volkman canals

Answer 15

run perpendicular to central canals

Question 16

Spongy bone (3)

Answer 16

No haversian system
Consist of trabeculae
lighter then compact

Question 17

Axial skeleton (3)

Answer 17

Skull
Vertebral column
Bony Thorax

Question 18

Skull

Answer 18

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital
consist of Cranium/Facial bones
joined by sutures

Question 19

Vertebrae Column

Answer 19

Vertebrae separated by interverabral discs 
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 
Coccyx

Question 20

Bony thorax

Answer 20

ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
True ribs 7
False ribs 5

Question 21

Sternum

Answer 21

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Question 22

Cervical :Atlas

Answer 22

C1
No body
Nodes Yes

Question 23

Cervical: Axis

Answer 23

C2
Pivots for rotation
shakes head NO
Dens process

Question 24

Cervical: C3-C7

Answer 24

Small, bifid spinous

Process foramen in transverse process

Question 25

Thoracic

Answer 25

Costal facets for articulation | Long downward pointing spinous processes

Question 26

Lumbar

Answer 26

Massive Short spinous process Strongest

Question 27

Sacrum and coccyx

Answer 27

5 fused vertebrae Sacrum articulates with illium to make sacro-iliac joint 3-5 tiny irregular fused vertebrae "tailbone"

Question 28

The appendicular skeleton

Answer 28

Limbs - 126 Pectoral Girdle Clavicle and scapula Pelvic Girdle - Hip bones, illium, ischium, and pubic bone

Question 29

Joints

Answer 29

Hold bones together with ligaments and capsules Allow for mobility Can be made up of 2 or more bones

Question 30

Synovial joints

Answer 30

- Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule lined with synovial membrane - Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid - Ligaments reinforce the joint - Bursa and tendon sheaths also common close to synovial joints

Question 31

Ligaments

Answer 31

- prevent excessive movement and help stabilize joint | - bones to bones

Question 32

Shoulder joints

Answer 32

Glenohumeral - glenoid fossa and clavicle Acromioclavicular - Scapula and clavicle Sternoclavicular - sternum and clavicle

Question 33

Elbow joints

Answer 33

Proximal and distal radionulnar

Question 34

Hand and Wrist Joints

Answer 34

Radiocarpal - distal radius with proximal wrist bones Carpometacarpals - Trapezium and first metacarpal Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) - mteacarpals and phalanges Interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) between proximal and distal phalanges

Question 35

Hip - Coxal joint

Answer 35

Pelvis and Femur

Question 36

Sacroiliac SI joint

Answer 36

Sacrum and ilium

Question 37

Knee joints

Answer 37

Tibiofemoral - tibia and femur | Patellofemoral - Patella and Femur

Question 38

Ankle and foot joints

Answer 38

Talocrural "ankle joint" Tarsometatarsals - tarsals and metatarsal Metatarsophalangeal MTP Interphalangeal (PIP, DIP)

Question 39

Shoulder ligaments

Answer 39

Acromioclavicular - Horizontal stability, thin covers lower point of joint Coaracoacrominal/humeral - Arch and stability of shoulder joints and strengthens superior part of joint capsule