Learning Outcome 1 Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy
A
The study of the body’s structure
2
Q
Physiology
A
The study of the body’s function
3
Q
Why is it important to understand the structures and functions of the human body?
A
To be able to understand and recognize when the body is not functioning normally.
4
Q
Anatomical Position
A
Means the body is erect, with arms at the sides and palms turned forward
5
Q
Anterior (ventral)
A
Located at or toward the front of the body. For example, the lungs are
located anterior to the spinal cord
6
Q
Central
A
Located in the center
7
Q
What is located centrally in the chest?
A
The heart
8
Q
What is located anterior to the spinal cord?
A
Lungs
9
Q
Cranial
A
Referring to the head
10
Q
What is situated in the cranial cavity?
A
The brain
11
Q
Deep
A
Distance from the surface of the body
12
Q
What is deep in comparison to the skin?
A
Bones
13
Q
Distal
A
The part farthest from the center of the body, or center of attachment
14
Q
What is distal to the knee?
A
Foot
15
Q
Inferior
A
Below another part, toward the lower aspect
16
Q
What is inferior to the knee?
A
Feet
17
Q
Lateral
A
Located towards the side of the body, away from the midline
18
Q
What is lateral to the nose?
A
Eyes
19
Q
Medial
A
Located nearest to the midline of the body
20
Q
What is medial to the ears?
A
Eyes, nose
21
Q
Peripheral
A
Away from the center of the body
22
Q
What extends peripherally from the heart?
A
Arteries and veins
23
Q
Posterior (dorsal)
A
Located at or towards the back of the body
24
Q
What is posterior to the lungs?
A
Spinal cord
25
Proximal
The part nearest the center of the body or the point of attachment
26
What is proximal to the foot?
Knee
27
Superficial
Near the surface of the body
28
What is superficial to the bones?
Skin
29
Superior
Above another part, toward the head
30
What is superior to the chest?
Head
31
Referring to your left leg, is the inside of your ankle medial or lateral?
Medial
32
Is your head consider superior or inferior to your heart?
Superior
33
Name a body part that is inferior to your heart
Anything below the heart
34
What is the most distal aspect of your hand?
Fingers
35
Are fingers superior or inferior to your elbow?
Inferior
36
What body parts are anterior on your body?
Abdomen, nose, kneecap
37
What body parts are posterior on your body?
Spine, glutes, calves, back of neck
38
Ventral cavity
Pertains to cavities located in the front of the body
39
What cavities are in the ventral cavity?
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
40
Thoracic cavity location
Above the abdominal cavity
41
The thoracic cavity contains
The heart, lungs, and large blood vessels
42
Abdominal cavity location
Between the thoracic and pelvic cavities
43
Abdominal cavity location
Between the thoracic and pelvic cavities
44
The abdominal cavity contains?
Stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, appendix, and the kidneys
45
Pelvic cavity location
Inferior to the abdominal cavity
46
The pelvic cavity contains?
Bladder, internal reproductive organs, and lower parts of the intestines
47
Dorsal cavity
Pertains to all cavities located in the back of the body
48
Cavities in the dorsal cavity
Cranial and spinal cavities
49
Cranial cavity location
Space inside the skull
50
The cranial cavity contains?
The brain
51
Spinal cavity location
From cranial cavity to the end of the vertebrae
52
The spinal cavity contains?
The spinal cord
53
The spinal cavity contains?
The spinal cord
54
Acute
Condition that is short but severe
55
Adaptation
Body’s response to a changing environment or situation
56
Adaptation
Body’s response to a changing environment or situation
57
Ambulatory
Able to walk
58
Artery
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
59
Atrophy
Wasting away of a part of the body due to lack of use
60
Benign
Non-malignant or not serious
61
Benign
Non-malignant or not serious
62
Capillary
Small blood vessel in which food and oxygen pass through to cells
63
Cell
Basic unit of body structure
64
Chronic
Condition lasting a long time (6 months)
65
Chronic
Condition lasting a long time (6 months)
66
Collateral
Additional growth
67
Collateral
Additional growth
68
Compensation
When an organ or system cannot adapt, it compensates by altering the function
69
Connective
Type of tissue that holds organs in place and holds the body together
70
Digestion
The process of physically and chemically digesting food so it can be absorbed by use of the cells in the body
71
Enzyme
A substance that speeds up a chemical change
72
Epithelial
Cells that form the outer layer of the skin
73
Hemoglobin
Substance in red blood cells that give blood its colour and carries oxygen for the cells
74
Hormone
Chemical substance secreted by glands to control or regulate the body
75
Hypertrophy
Increase in the size of tissue or an organ
76
Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen in the tissue
77
Infarction
Obstruction of blood supply to an organ or region
78
Ischemia
Reduced blood supply to an area
79
Membrane
Thin layer oft issue that covers the surface
80
Metabolism
The use of food for heat and energy by the cells
81
Muscular system
Involved in the movement of muscles
82
Muscles we are in control of
Voluntary
83
Muscles that move automatically
Involuntary and cardiac
84
Necrosis
Death of cells or tissues
85
Organ
Group of tissues which perform a function
86
Peristalsis
Involuntary muscle contraction which move food through the digestive system
87
Respiration
The process of providing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide by breathing air in and out of the lungs
88
Signs
Visible indication of an illness
89
Symptom
Sensation, pain or lack of function that indicates illness
90
Body Systems
Organs that work together to perform special functions
91
Systemic
Involving or affecting the body as a whole
92
Tissue
Collection of cells which perform the same function
93
Vein
Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
94
4 basic structures of the body
Cells, tissues, membranes, organs
95
Cell membrane
A limiting border that encloses and protects the cell. It is selective permeable to allow certain things to move in and out
96
Cytoplasm
Fluid that keeps the cells shape and holds the cell structures in place
97
Nucleus
Control unit which directs the cells activities
98
Chromosomes
Hereditary substances stored in the nucleus of each cell
99
How many chromosomes in a cell?
46. 23 from father and 23 from mother
100
Genes
Stored in the chromosomes which determines the traits children get from their parents
101
4 basics for cell survival
Energy, water, oxygen, and a safe environment
102
Cell energy
Comes from the food we eat and is processed into energy for our cells
103
Cell water
Obtained from the liquids we drink and the food we eat
104
Cell oxygen
The air we breathe contains oxygen for our cells
105
Cell environment
An environment that’s not too hot or cold where cells can carry out their function
106
5 types of cells
Blood, muscle, glandular, bone, and nerve
107
Muscle cells
Are attached to one another
108
Nerve cells
Cannot fully regenerate if damaged
109
Bone cells
Provide shape to our skeletal system
110
Blood cells
Not attached to one another
111
Glandular cells
Secrete hormones or enzymes
112
Glandular cells
Secrete hormones or enzymes
113
4 purposes of cells
To be irritable, for metabolism, to contract, for conductivity
114
Cell purpose - to be irritable
Nerve cells respond to stimuli
115
Cell purpose - for metabolism
Break down old cells, dispose of waste and build new ones in gastrointestinal system
116
Cell purpose - to contract
Cells in muscular system have ability to get shorter
117
Cell purpose - to contract
Cells in muscular system have ability to get shorter
118
Cell purpose - for conductivity
Transfer electrical impulses in the cardiovascular system
119
Bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and joints
Organs in skeletal and muscular system
120
Skeletal and muscular system function
Supports and allows movement of the body
121
Skin, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mucous membranes
Integumentary system organs
122
Integumentary system function
Covers and protects the body
123
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs
Nervous system organs
124
Nervous system function
Controls and coordinate body activities
125
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas
Endocrine system organs
126
Endocrine system function
Regulates body activities
