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Disease Process > Learning The Disease Process > Flashcards

Learning The Disease Process Flashcards

1
Q

A COPD patient comes into the hospital what can you expect when doing inspection on them?

A
  • barrel chest
  • JVD ( JVP)
  • tripod positioning
  • pursed lip breathing
  • clubbing
  • pedal edema
  • accessory muscle usage
  • cyanosis
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2
Q

A asthma patient comes in to the emergency room what can you expect on inspection?

A
  • barrel chest
  • tripod position
  • pursed lip breathing
  • accessory muscle usage
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3
Q

A patient has pneumonia what can you expect on inspection?

A
  • accessory muscle usage
  • cyanosis
  • tracheal deviation towards the affected side
  • fever
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4
Q

A patient has atelectasis what can you expect on inspection?

A
  • accessory muscle usage
  • cyanosis
  • tracheal deviation toward affected side
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5
Q

A patient has pneumothorax what can you expect on inspection?

A
  • accessory muscle usage
  • cyanosis
  • tracheal deviation away from affected side
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6
Q

A patient has pleural effusion what can expect on inspection?

A
  • accessory muscle usage
  • cyanosis
  • tracheal deviation away from affected side
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7
Q

A patient has pulmonary edema what can you expect on inspection?

A
  • accessory muscle usage
  • cyanosis
  • pink frothy sputum
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8
Q

A patient has pneumonia and has tracheal deviation. Will it be away or toward the affected site?

A

Toward

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9
Q

A patient has atelectasis and has tracheal deviation. Will it be toward or away from affected site?

A

Toward

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10
Q

A patient has pneumothorax and has tracheal deviation. Would it be toward or away from affected site?

A

Away

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11
Q

A patient pleural effusion and has tracheal deviation. Will it be away or toward the affected site?

A

Away

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12
Q

What does JVD stand for?

A

Jugular venous distention

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13
Q

What does pursed lip breathing intel?

A

Inhales through the nose and blows air out through the lips
( creates the back pressure in lungs)
- associated with COPD ( smell the roses blow out the candles)

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14
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

A blueish discoloration of patients skin due to hypoxemia

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15
Q

What is nasal flaring?

A

More common in pediatrics but com on in adults too!

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16
Q

What is central cyanosis?

A

Early stages of cyanosis blueish lips or cyanosis within the lips or gums (oral mucosa) results from hypoxemia ( one way hypoxemia presents itself)

17
Q

What is bronchopnony?

A

An increase in the intensity and clarity of vocal resonance produced by enhanced transmission of vocal vibrations
- “one”, “two”, “three”, “ninety-nine”

18
Q

What is egophony?

A

An increase in the intensity of the spoken word with the presence of a nasal quality
- “ e” will sound like “ a” with a nasal quality over an area of consolidation

19
Q

What is whisper pectoriloquey?

A

Same technique as bronchophony except the patient whispers “ one”, “ two”, “ three”
- whispered words will be clear over areas of consolidation

20
Q

What is diminished breath sounds?

A

Very low breath sounds clear but not really hearing anything

21
Q

What is absent breath sounds?

A

No breath sounds at all

22
Q

What are wheezes (rhonchi) ?

A

High pitch continuous sounds. Caused by vibrations created by high velocity air passing through smaller diameter airways.
Heard on expirations
Monophonic- single note, one obstructed airway.
Polyphonic- multi notes, multi obstructed airways.

23
Q

What are crackles?

A

Caused by airflow moving through secretions or fluid in the airways, but not always.

24
Q

What a coarse crackles?

A

Heard during inspiration/expiration

Often cleared with a cough

25
Q

What are fine crackles?

A

Heard when airways pop open during inspiration

26
Q

What is stridor?

A

High pitched wheeze, heard loudly on inspiration, due to upper airway obstruction

27
Q

What is bronchial?

A

Identical to tracheal sounds, heard over lung periphery, large areas of consolidation

28
Q

What is pleural friction rub?

A

Creaking or grating sound, heard when pleural surfaces become inflamed and rub together

29
Q

What is tracheal breath sounds?

A
  • Heard over the trachea
  • loud intensity
  • slight pause between inspiration and expiration
  • length of inspiration= length of expiration
30
Q

What is bronchovesicular breath sounds?

A 
- heard over upper half of the sternum 
And between inspiration and expiration 
- not as loud as tracheal
- lower in pitch 
- length of inspiration= the length if expiration
31
Q

What is vesicular breath sounds?

A
  • soft, muffled sounds heard over lung periphery
  • lower in pitch and intensity than bronchovesicular
  • all of inspiration heard, only first 1/3 of expiration
32
Q

What is digital clubbing and what does it mean when a patient had this?

A

Enlargement of terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes.
It is the the manifestation of cardiopulmonary disease, caused by many disease states that have chronic hypoxemia.
( cystic fibrous patients nail beds angle down and enlargement of fingers and toes)

33
Q

What is capillary refill?

A
  • assessed by pressing briefly but firmly on the fingernail bed and noting the speed at which the blood flow returns.
  • normal capillary refill is <3 seconds
  • an abnormality more than three seconds indicates decreased cardiac output, poor peripheral perfusion, and hypoxemia
34
Q

What is pedal edema?

A

Most often from right sided heart failure which causes an increased hydrostatic pressure of the venous system and leaking of fluid from the vessel into the surrounding tissues.

  • most often affected
  • the tissue pits or indents when pressing firmly with a finger
35
Q

What is peripheral skin temperature?

A

When perfusion is poor compensatory vasoconstriction in the extremities help shunt blood to the vital organs.
The reduction in peripheral perfusion causes the extremities to become cool to the touch.

Disease Process (1 decks)

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