Learning theories Flashcards
(32 cards)
Essentialism: central tenet
goal: model citizenship
Essentialism: major theorists
William Bagley; Diane Raviten; E.D. Hirsch Jr.
Essentialism: student/teacher roles
Student: to listen and trust that the teacher knows best
Teacher: educate on essential knowledge through direct tasks
Progressivism: central tenets
Understanding oneself and their interests and priorities will allow people to contribute to society to the best of their ability
goal: good citizenship and good learners
Progressivism: major theorists
John Dewey, William James
Progressivism: student/teacher roles
Student: accomplish learning by doing and actively listening
Teacher: to stimulate intellectual curiosity and push students to higher level of knowledge
Perennialism: central tenets
goal - development of rational thought
Perennialism: major theorists
Traces foundation back to Plato, Aristotle and Aquinas. In the modern era, Jacque Maritain and Mortimer Adler.
Perennialism: student/teacher roles
Student: personal development through study of principles that create good personality and morality
Teacher: Teaches critical thinking through traditional subjects (religion, humanities, arts, history) and instilling respect for duty, authority, and practicality
Existentialism: central tenets
- rejects authoritative truth through an individual pursuit of creating meaning out of knowledge and experiences
- cultivate individual’s uniqueness
goal: self awareness and agency
Existentialism: major theorists
Soren Kierkegaard; Friedrich Nietzsche
Existentialism: student/teacher roles
Student: develop an awareness of one’s own values, beliefs; embrace authenticity
Teacher: expose students to humanities and art and assisting students to a full sense of selfhood
Behaviorism: central tenets
Prioritizes scientific observation as the source of true knowledge. Best learning is done through positive and negative reinforcements.
goal: to predict and influence behavioral outcomes
Behaviorism: major theorists
B. F. Skinner
Reconstructionism: central tenet
Prioritizes learning that helps solve social problems
goal: helping learners resist oppression through empowerment
Reconstructionism: major theorists
Theodore Brameld
Reconstructionism: student/teacher roles
Student: learn about social issues and how to problem solve for the betterment of society
Teacher: to create a space where students can foster thinking that creates social and political change
Humanism: central tenets
Looks at the entirety of a person and attempts to enhance personal growth and development. This is student-centered learning that encourages open-mindedness
Humanism: major theorists
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Malcolm Knowles, John Holt
Humanism: student/teacher roles
Student: to determine and fulfill one’s own potential by assuming responsibility for one’s own learning and self-development
Teacher: To facilitate group discussions and be a model for behaviors they wish to teach
Critical Theory: central tenets
To critically look at theory as they come from biased perceptions of life in order to free everyone. Critical theory aims “to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them.” Teachers and students learn and educate each other.
Critical Theory: major theorists
Soren Kierkegaard, Fredrick Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Satre
Critical theory: student/teacher roles
Student: to develop self-awareness about one’s own values and feelings in order to embrace authenticity; to engage in conversations with peers and teachers
- to unlearn dominant lessons from society and relearn their own beliefs
Teacher: to be an active facilitator that gives students a space to learn and teach
Idealism: central tenet
Reality is based on ideas and their discussion is of the highest importance. Truth must be searched through ideas.
- holistic and not specialized learning
- intellectual development, self-realization, moral values
