Gestalt theory - emphasis the importance of what - three principals

- perception in learning 1) ppl like simplicity 2) perception is selective - may focus on one stimuli ie. Pt. in pain, can't pay attention to learning 3) pt choose what they want to ignore, based on their needs

- an event that's followed by a response Stimulus = relaxation techniques Response = no pain

- emotion and responses over responses - behaviour may be conscious or unconscious ... Ppl may not be aware of their motivation

Learning Theories Flashcards by Diana Tat

What encompasses cognitive learning theory

Information processing, gestalt, cognitive development, social cognition

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How to store things into STM

Rote memorization/rehearsal maintenance

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What is elaborative rehearsal

(3) methods

storing into LTM … Works to organize information
associating with known information
chunking
forming mental picture

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Gestalt theory

emphasis the importance of what
three principals

perception in learning
1) ppl like simplicity
2) perception is selective - may focus on one stimuli ie. Pt. in pain, can’t pay attention to learning
3) pt choose what they want to ignore, based on their needs

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What is schemata and does it belong to short term or long term

units of knowledge that organizes information and relationships among them
not always accurate ie. Horse/dog
long-term

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What is the social/cognitive learning theory

says learning occurs by observation

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Reciprocal determinism

personal characteristics, behaviour patterns and environment affects learning

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Vicarious reinforcement

Observing someone’s emotions after a behaviour

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Phases of social learning theory

Attentional phase- observation
Retention- storage and retrieval
Reproduction - copies what was learned
Motivational

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Constructs of social learning theory

Expected outcomes - if behaviour results in positive outcomes
Expectancies - value of outcomes
Self-efficacy - confidence in performing behaviour
Self-control - personal regulation of goal-directed behaviour

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Definition of reinforcement and 3 examples

Response to a behaviour that can increase or decrease reoccurrence
- direct external, self reinforcement, vicarious reinforce the

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Emotional coping responses (3)

problem solving
stress management
practicing skills in emotional arousing situations

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What are behavioural learning theories

says learning occurs when there’s a connection between a stimulus and a response

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What is a stimulus

an event that’s followed by a response
Stimulus = relaxation techniques
Response = no pain

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How to strengthen behaviour the fastest

How to strengthen the persistence of behaviour

Immediate and consistent

Intermittent

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What is responded conditioning/classical

Provide example

what’s going on in the environment
NS (hospital) + UCS (smell) = UCR (feel sick)
After a while, hospital becomes CS that results in a CR

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What is systemic desensitization and example

Says fear of a stimulus can be learned and unlearned

Relaxation techniques and introducing stimulus slowly

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operant conditioning

Based on reinforcement (rewards)

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Reinforcement belongs to which theory

Social cognitive learning theory

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Psychodynamic theory

emotion and responses over responses

- behaviour may be conscious or unconscious … Ppl may not be aware of their motivation

Explain ID
Super ego
Ego

ID - primitive, seeks pleasure and avoids pain
Super - concerned with society standards
Ego - looks to please ID in realistic ways

Defence mechanism’s

Review text pg. 60

Erikson’s stages of life responds to which major theory

- list stages

1 - trust vs mistrust (infancy)
2 - autonomy vs doubt
3 - initiation vs guilt 
4 - industry vs inferiority 
5 - identity vs role confusion (adolescence) 
6 - intimacy, isolation (young adult) 
7 - generatively, stagnation (adult) 
8 -integrity, guilt (older)

Humanistic theory focuses on

Motivation stems from

Emotions and motivation

- stems from desire to grow, make own choices and maximizes capabilities

What two theorists belong to humanistic theory

Maslow's | Carl Rogers

What are maslow's needs

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

Carl Rogers says that every patient wants.. | Goal of his theory

Positive self regard (feeling loved with no strings attached) To improve self-esteem

What is crystallized intelligence

From past experiences and prior knowledge

Fluid intelligence

- ability of abstract thinking, solving problems - declines when older - reaction and processing time is slow

Motor learning involves the ___ of a skill, not just the ___ What are the three variables and definitions

Retention, not just attainment - pre practice - modelling of task - practice - massed, distributive, varied, mental imagery - feedback - can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Continuous vs intermittent feedback | What does it allow?

- good for early learning, but may slow down learning | - helps with retention and LTM

What are the three stages of motor learning

- cognitive - associative - autonomous

Domains of learning - cognitive | What are the diff types n definition

Guided response - earliest stage Mechanism - intermediate, can perform skill with confidence ie. Can't fix a computer but can use word Complex overt response - most complex Adaptation - modifying learned skill to fit new situations ie. Eating healthy at home Origination - creating new movement patterns to fit new situations

Assessment of learner involves (3)

patient needs, learning readiness, learning styles

Categories of learning readiness, examples

Physical Emotional - anxiety, support system Experiential - cultural background, locus of control, past coping mechanisms Knowledge

VARK model

Visual Aural Reading/writing Kinesthetics - hands on

Jung and Myers-Brigg's personality types

1) introversion-extroversion 2) sensing-intuition 3) thinking-feeling 4) judging-perceiving

2) sensing-intuition

- believe what they see, factual | - view world through possibilities, look at meaning

Thinking-feeling

- decisions based on logic | - decisions based on the impact it has on others and themselves

Judging-perceiving

- desire to regulate and bring closure to situations | - desire to be open minded and understanding

Kolb's experiential learning model | Two dimensions --> what are the four learning modes

Says learning results from the way learners perceive and process information

Concrete experience | Perception or processing?

- learn from feeling and interacting with people | Perception

Abstract conceptualization | Perception or processing?

Rely on logic to solve problems | Perception

Reflection observation | Perception or processing?

Observation

Active experimentation | Perception or processing?

Experiment to get things done

Cognitive development 0-2 Info Piaget's stage of development Teaching strategies

Sensorimotor stage - learn through senses, motor activities promote understanding of the world - immobility increases anxiety - incorporate activities that involve motor abilities

Cognitive development 2-5 years Info Piaget's stage of development Teaching strategies

- learn through interacting and role modelling - minimal use of memory strategies - autobiographical memory - scripts for familiar events Piaget's pre-operational stage - thinking is literal - very imaginative, fear is in their minds - be careful of word choice

Cognitive development 6-10 years middle to late childhood Info Piaget's stage of development Teaching strategies

- memory strategies --> rehearsal and semantic organization - cognitive inhibition strengthened (ability to tune out stimuli) - causal thinking.. Understands illness is r/t to cause and effect Concrete operations - logical thought, ability to reason inductively and deductively - logical thinking, but still not able to think abstractly, thus step by step instruction needed

Cognitive development 11-adulthood Info Piaget's stage of development Teaching strategies

- elaborative memory strategy - personal fable Piaget's formal operations - can think abstract -> can hypothesize what's going to happen next, problem solving