Learning Theory Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is spontaneous recovery?
If an association is lost when the cs and usc are paired together again at a later date the link tween them is made much more quickly
Timing
If the NS cannot be uses with or prior to the usc then the conditioning does not take place
Stimulus generalisation
Once an animal has been conditioned, stimuli that are similar to the cs will elicit the same response.
Extinction
After a few presentations of the cs in the absence of the usc, it loses its ability to produce CR
Positive reinforcement
Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed. Makes the behaviour more likely
Negative reinforcement
A behaviour will become more Isley if it leads to an escape from an unpleasant situation
Punishment
An unpleasant consequence of a behaviour, which makes the behaviour less likely to be repeated
Classical conditioning
Learning by association and stimulus response
Operant conditioning
Learning by consequences, reinforcement and punishment
Social learning theory
Learning by observation and imitation with a social context
Vicarious reinforcement
Phenomenon in which a behaviour increases in frequency when another person is observed being reinforced by an action
Vicarious punishment
Phenomenon in which a response decreases in frequency when another person is observed being punished for a an action
Mediational processes
Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response
Attention
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
Retention
The proportion of material remembered
Motor reproduction
The observer has to believe they are able to replicate the action
Motivation
The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way
Identification
We are more likely to copy behaviour of role models who are the same age,height,gender or status .
Modelling
A role model provides an example( of behaviours ) for the child.
Bandura and Walthers (1963)
Recorded children who observed an adult being aggressive towards a body doll with either a positive consequence , negative consequences or no consequences
Bandura et al. (1961)
Recorded the behaviour of 34 young children who watched a recording of an adult beating a body doll.These were compared to a control group
