Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

C4: biology of the cell > learnsmart > Flashcards

learnsmart Flashcards

1
Q

the plasma membrane is made up of 3 types of lipids. what are they?

A

cholesterol, phospholipids & glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which of the following is false regarding the cell membrane?

A

it is made primarily of cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a type of steroid called __ is scattered within the hydrophobic regions of the phospholipid bilayer, where it strengthens the membrane and stabilizes it at extreme temperatures

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

forms of passive transport across cell membranes include __

A

osmosis and diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the 2 major categories of membrane transport are __ transport that requires no energy expenditure and __ transport

A

passive; active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__ is a passive form of transport

A

simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ion movement through small proteins in the membrane is an example of __ diffusion

A

channel-mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

__ is required for osmosis to occur

A

a selectively permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when water moves across a semi-permeable membrane, the pressure it experts is __ pressure

A

osmotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the sodium-potassium exchange pump transports __ (number) sodium ions out of the cell for every __ (number) potassium ions it transports into the cell

A

3 Na+ ions are pumped out of a cell for every 2 K+ ions that are pumped into a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the net movement of a substance from high concentration to low is called __

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

K+ movement out of the cell is facilitated by its __ __ gradient but opposed by the __ gradient

A

chemical concentration

electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sodium ions enter the cell through sodium __ channels as they move down their concentration gradient

A

leak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurons have a resting membrane potential of __ mv

A

-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the __ gradient is dependent on the combination of the __ gradient and the chemical concentration gradient

A

electrochemical

electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which statements characterize organelles?

A

each type of organelle differs in shape

each type of organelle has a specific function

they are generally located within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the synthesis of steroid hormones occurs in the __

A

smooth er

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the primary structure for the processing and packaging of proteins for transport out of the cell is the __

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lysomes remove old organelles through a process called __

A

autophagy

autos- self
phago- to eat

lysomes digest molecular structures of damaged organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the organelle that has a double membrane, its own small piece of DNA, and synthesizes ATP is the __

A

mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when a protein is marked for destruction by having a protein called ubiquitin bound to it, the organelle responsible for this removal are __

A

proteasomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

true or false: cilia and flagella are projections that extend from the surface of some cells

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which statements characterize microvilli?

A

they are smaller than cilia

function to increase surface area of plasma membrane

they are microscopic projections of plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the 3 major types of membrane junctions are __ junctions, desmosomes and gap junctions

A

tight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

intestinal cells are joined by _ in order to prevent digestive juices from moving between and damaging adjacent cells

A

tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gap junctions are bridged by proteins called __

A

connexons

27
Q

the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane structure called the __

A

nuclear envelope

28
Q

which statements describe chromosomes?

A

they contain DNA & proteins

they are more condensed than chromatin

29
Q

chromatin is composed of __

A

DNA and proteins

30
Q

a typical cell has how many nuclei?

A

1

31
Q

the relative distributions of K+, which is more concentrated inside the cell and Na+, which is more concentrated outside the cell are the result of the activity of the __

A

Na+/K+ pump

32
Q

the plasma membrane also functions in establishing and maintaining an electrochemical gradient at the plasma membrane called the __

A

resting membrane potential

33
Q

__ are complex, organized structures inside the cells; they have unique characteristics and shapes

A

organelles

34
Q

transport (shuttle) vesicles are produced within a cell by __

A

rough ER

35
Q

the 2 types of organelles found in cells are __ -bound and __ -bound

A

membrane-bound

non-membrane bound

36
Q

microtubules

A

move chromosomes during cell division

37
Q

cilia

A

move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface

38
Q

flagellum

A

propels sperm cells of human male

39
Q

microvilli

A

increase membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion

40
Q

__ is a general function performed by all cells

A

to obtain nutrients

41
Q

which of the following describe the general functions of the cell?

A
  • obtain nutrients
  • dispose of wastes
  • maintain shape of cell
42
Q

which of the following statements are true regarding integral proteins?

A

they act as identity markers for the cell

they can act as membrane channels

they can act as receptors

43
Q

rapid digestion of a cell by its own lysosomes is called __

A

autolysis

44
Q

true or false: in transcription a DNA gene is read and copied to produce a newly formed strand of DNA

A

false

45
Q

the process by which a DNA gene is copied into RNA

A

transcription

46
Q

the 3 functional types of RNA produced during transcription are messenger RNA, transfer RNA and __ RNA

A

ribosomal

47
Q

the process that occurs on ribosomes by which a mRNA transcript is read and a nee protein produced is called

A

translation

48
Q

which are required for translation?

A

mRNA, amino acids

tRNA, ribosomes

49
Q

the primary cellular sites for the production of proteins are the __

A

ribosomes

50
Q

in the cell cycle, division of the nucleus is called __

A

mitosis

51
Q

in cell division, 1 cell divides to produce 2 identical cells called __

A

daughter cells

52
Q

__ proteins provide a means of regulating movement of substances across the plasma membrane

A

transport

53
Q

__ cells include all of the cells in the body except sex cells

A

somatic

54
Q

much of the internal content of the __ is the genetic material, DNA

A

nucleus

55
Q

when a cell is dividing the dna is tightly coiled as..

A

chromosomes

56
Q

the 3 components of the cytoplasm of a cell are..

A

cytosol, organelles, & inclusions

57
Q

which statements characterize smooth ER?

A

doesnt have ribosomes attached
can detoxify drugs
stores lipids

58
Q

the cell division that takes place in somatic cells

A

mitosis

59
Q

the microscope that moves an electron beam over the surface of a specimen is the..

A

scanning electron microscope

60
Q

the study of cells

A

cytology

61
Q

peroxisomes break down harmful substances including

A

hydrogen peroxide

fatty acid molecules

62
Q

the __ is a general term for all cellular contents between

A

cytoplasm

63
Q

which statement(s) characterizes prophase?

A

the nuclear envelope disappears

chromatin condenses into chromosomes

it is the 1st stage of mitosis

64
Q

the cell structure that functions as a gatekeeper to regulate the passage of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the internal and external environments is the __

A

plasma membrane

C4: biology of the cell (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions