Lec 02: Congenital Anomalies of the GI Tract

Question 1

When do lower respiratory organs begin to develop?

Answer 1

4 weeks

Question 2

When is the final relative length of the esophagus reached?

Answer 2

7 weeks

Question 3

Deviation of the tracheoesophageal septum posteriorly

Answer 3

Esophageal atresia

Question 4

incomplete division of the cranial part of the foregut into respiratory and esophageal parts during the 4th week of life

Answer 4

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 5

condition commonly associated with EA

Answer 5

imperforate anus

Question 6

failure to pass a nasogastric tube of ___cm is diagnostic of EA

Answer 6

10cm

Question 7

What is the meaning of VACTERL association?

Answer 7

vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb

Question 8

What is the meaning of VACTERL association?

Answer 8

vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb

Question 9

What is the meaning of CHARGE syndrome?

Answer 9

coloboma, heart defects, atresia of choanae, renal anomalies, retardation of growth and development, genital anomalies, ear anomalies

Question 10

Most common type of TEF?

Answer 10

EA with distal TEF

Question 11

Type of EA that presents with scaphoid abdomen since GIT is devoid of air. Absence of air below diaphragm is pathognomonic

Answer 11

Isolated EA

Question 12

Triad of isolated TEF without EA

Answer 12

1. Choking when feeding
2. gaseous distension of bowel
3. recurrent aspiration pneumonia

Question 13

(Prone/Supine) position is preferred to minimize movement of gastric contents

Answer 13

prone position

Question 14

According to Spitz Prognostic classification, what class has birth weight

Answer 14

Class III

Question 15

What is the radiologic sign of duodenal atresia?

Answer 15

double bubble sign

Question 16

What is the radiologic sign of duodenal atresia?

Answer 16

double bubble sign

Question 17

Where in the duodenum is the ampulla located?

Answer 17

2nd part

Question 18

2 theories for choledochal cysts

Answer 18

1. Reflux of pancreatic enzymes to CBD due to anomaly of pancreaticobuliary junction
2. obstruction of distal CBD

Question 19

2 theories for choledochal cysts

Answer 19

1. Reflux of pancreatic enzymes to CBD due to anomaly of pancreaticobuliary junction
2. obstruction of distal CBD

Question 20

Most common type of choledochal cysts. Dilatation before the cystic duct.

Answer 20

Type I

Question 21

Saccular or diverticular choledochal cyst.

Answer 21

Type II

Question 22

Choledochal cyst within wall of duodenum or arise from intraduodeal portion of CBD

Answer 22

Type III

Question 23

Choledochal cyst within wall of duodenum or arise from intraduodeal portion of CBD

Answer 23

Type III

Question 24

Choledochal cyst with multiple dilations in the extrahepatic AND intrahepatic ducts

Answer 24

Type IVA

Question 25

Choledochal cyst with multiple dilations in the extrahepatic ducts only

Answer 25

Type IVB

Question 26

Choledochal cyst with multiple dilations in the intrahepatic ducts only

Answer 26

Type V or Caroli's disease

Question 27

Most common type of abnormality in rotation

Answer 27

incomplete rotation

Question 28

In malrotation with volvolus, the body attempts to fix the cecum to the abdominal wall by creating bands of tissue known as?

Answer 28

Ladd's bands

Question 29

Failure of differentiation of embryonic mesenchyme of lateral folds

Answer 29

Gastroschisis

Question 30

Umbilical cord is usually to the (left/right) of the gastroschisis

Answer 30

left

Question 31

failure of development of lateral folds

Answer 31

omphalocoele

Question 32

Features of pentalogy of Cantrell

Answer 32

1. Midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defects 2. Anterior diaphragmatic hernia 3. sternal cleft 4. ectopia cordis 5. cardiac anomaly ie. VSD

Question 33

Most common abnormality associated with abdominal wall defects

Answer 33

Edward-Patau syndrome

Question 34

Golden period for gastroschisis

Answer 34

6 hours

Question 35

Golden period of omphalocoele

Answer 35

12 hours

Question 36

Golden period of exstrophy

Answer 36

24 hours

Question 37

Golden period of exstrophy

Answer 37

24 hours

Question 38

Type of intestinal atresia. Mucosal atresia with intact bowel wall and mesentery.

Answer 38

Type I

Question 39

Type of intestinal atresia. Separated by V-shaped mesenteric effect.

Answer 39

Type IIIA

Question 40

Type of intestinal atresia. Blind ends separated by a fibrous cord.

Answer 40

Type II

Question 41

Type of intestinal atresia. Apple peel atresia

Answer 41

Type IIIB

Question 42

Type of intestinal atresia. Multiple atresias.

Answer 42

Type IV

Question 43

Type of anorectal malformation. More common in males.

Answer 43

High

Question 44

Type of anorectal malformation. Below pubococcygeus muscle.

Answer 44

Low

Question 45

Type of anorectal malformation. Female with 2 holes with passage of meconium

Answer 45

High

Question 46

Type of anorectal malformation. Male with meconium in urine

Answer 46

High

Question 47

Most common congenital anomaly of GIT

Answer 47

Hirschprung Disease