Lec 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Study of compounds that contain the element carbon
Organic chemistry
What is Organic compounds? (2 definitions)
Derived from living things
Impossible to synthesize
4 properties of organic compounds
- All organic compounds contain hydrogen and carbon
- Carbons forms single, double, and triple bonding with other carbon atoms
- Some compounds chains and rings of atom
- Organic compunds may also contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen (heteroatom)
Carbon have ____ covalent bond?
4
Hydrogen have _____ covalent bond?
1
Exceptions in all organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen
- Carbonate
- Carbide
- CO
- CO2
- Cyanide
- Thiocyanate
Linkage of atoms of the same elemnt that forms chains
Catenation
C forms ___
Four single bonds
Double bond contains ___
4 electrons
Triple bond contains _____
6 electrons
Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen
Heteroatom
6 most common heteroatom
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Halogens:
- Fluorine
- Chlorine
- Bromine
- Iodine
Heteroatoms forms characteristic number of bonds, determined by its _____
Location in the periodic table
Heteroatom have non bonding (____) so that each atom is sorrounded by 8 electrons
Lone pairs
No. Of bonds and Lone pairs of nitrogen
3 bonds
1 lone pair
No. Of bonds and Lone pairs of oxygen
2 bonds
2 lone pairs
No. Of bonds and Lone pairs of halogens
1 bond
3 lone pairs
Why there are many organic compounds?
Carbons forms 4 strong bonds with itself and other elements. Carbon atoms combine together to form rings and chains.
Difference between organic and inorganic compounds
reviewer
Atoms or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties.
Functional groups
Functional groups contains a ___, a ____, or _____ and _____
Heteroatoms, multiple bonds, both heteroatoms and multiple bonds
Hydrocarbons
- alkane (-ane)
- alkene (-ene)
- alkyne (-yne)
Simple oxygen heteroatomics
- alcohol (-ol)
- ether (-oxy -ane)
- epoxide (-ene -oxide)
Halogen heteroatomics
Haloalkane (-halo)