Lec 10

Question 1

Religion and science are both

Answer 1

Belief systems

Question 2

Beliefs

Answer 2

Any proposition thought to be true

Question 3

Believe systems

Answer 3

Cohesive set of interrelated beliefs

Question 4

Belief systems are deviantized more than

Answer 4

Belief systems deviantize others

Question 5

Religion as deviance:

Deviant religions

Answer 5

Deviant acts occur within accepted religions groups (ie sexual abuse)

Entire religious belief systems and associated groups can be deviantized and subjected to social control

Question 6

Deviant Religions according to traditional typologies

Answer 6

Ecclesia

Churches

Sects

Cults

Question 7

Ecclesia

Answer 7

Official state religions

Question 8

Churches

Answer 8

Large, established religious groups with long histories and complex bureaucracies

Question 9

Sects

Answer 9

Smaller breakaway groups with more rigid membership and behaviour requirements

Question 10

Cults

Answer 10

Small, oppositional groups with a charismatic leader and a small number of followers

Question 11

Sects and cults are at greater risk of

Answer 11

Being deviantized

Question 12

Level of tension

What group experiences the greatest level of tension

Answer 12

Cults

Images of cults cause moral panics

Although most cults do not fit popular images, some do

Question 13

Cult that fits popular image

Answer 13

Peoples Temple Agricultural Project
(Jonestown)

Question 14

Controlling deviant religions

Answer 14

Anti-cult and counter-cult movements

Media

Governments

Question 15

Resisting a deviant label

Answer 15

Group resistance using the legal system

Group resistance using the media (impression management and the use of celebrities) (using media to communicate ideologies)

Academic critique of the typology that categorizes churches, sects, cults

Question 16

Religion as a social typer of deviance

Individual level

Answer 16

Personal beliefs inform individuals’ moral codes

Question 17

Religion as a social typer of deviance

Societal level

Answer 17

Blurred boundaries between religious and political believe systems

Question 18

Religion as a social typer of deviance

Historical evidence

Answer 18

The witch persecutions

Residential schooling

The Victorian child-savers

Question 19

Residential school caused

Answer 19

Intergenerational trauma that lasts today

Question 20

Science as Deviance

Scientific Misconduct and Pseudosciences

Answer 20

Making claims about the nature of reality
(ie. when a pen is dropped it falls so it is the law of gravity)

Making ethical and moral claims (implicit in the science of gene editing is the assumption that gene editing is acceptable)

Question 21

Using science as deviance leads to

Answer 21

Scientific misconduct and pseudoscience

Question 22

Scientific misconduct

Answer 22

Questionable research practices

Question 23

HIV researchers admitted to

Answer 23

Scientific misconduct

Question 24

Reasons for misconduct vary across

Answer 24

Roles (senior researcher, junior researcher, or staff)

Question 25

Two explanations about scientific misconduct

Answer 25

Bad Apple Theory Iceberg Theory

Question 26

Bad apple theory

Answer 26

Most scientist search for the truth Misconduct is rare

Question 27

Iceberg Theory

Answer 27

Misconduct is more common than we think Arises from the structure of science

Question 28

The Role of Corporatization in scientific misconduct

Answer 28

Increasing ties between science and industry More search is done in commercial centres (ie. post academic science) Corporate influence on research findings The production of ignorance (making tobacco and other drugs that are bad for people)

Question 29

Controlling scientific misconduct requires

Answer 29

Science is self-governing Coercive measures to punish misconduct Measures to promote research integrity

Question 30

Science as self-governing

Answer 30

Controlled by the normative structure of science

Question 31

Coercive measures to punish misconduct

Answer 31

Applied through institutional research boards

Question 32

Measures to promote research integrity

Answer 32

Used to prevent misconduct from the outset

Question 33

Science and pseudoscience

Answer 33

An entire belief system may be deviantized (eg. astrology) Some deviantized science come accepted over time

Question 34

Role of social media in pseudoscience

Answer 34

Pseudoscientific claims during the COVID 19 pandemic

Question 35

Social typer for deviance in science in the past

Answer 35

Social Darwinism Eugenics The Nazis

Question 36

Social typer of deviance in science in the present

Answer 36

Medicalization