LEC 11/12 Flashcards
Pathology of the Skeletal System (50 cards)
Osteoporosis
Common condition in which bones lose a great deal of mass
Osteoporosis mostly affects _______ women due normal ________ in estrogen after __________.
- older
- decline
- menopause
Osteoporosis S/S (4)
- Brittle bones
- Hunched posture
- Difficulty in walking
- Higher incidents of broken bones especially in hips and spine
Osteoporosis results from an ________ over time in ________ rate of _________ and _________ .
- imbalance
- activity
- osteoclasts
- osteoblasts
Osteoporosis prevention (2)
- Get enough Ca2+ (1,000-1,500 mg/day) and Vitamin D
- Consistent exercise especially weight bearing
Osteoporosis treatment
- Hormone replacement therapy (estrogen & calcitonin)
- Medications that inhibit bone re-sorbing function of osteoclasts
- Teriparatide – fragment of normal PTH that stimulates activity of osteoblasts and thereby increases overall bone density
Types of bone breaks
- simple
- complete
- compound
Simple break
Bone ends don’t do much damage to surrounding tissues
Complete break
Bone separates into two pieces and soft tissue is damaged
Compound
Broken ends or shards of bones puncture the skin
hematoma
caused by broken bones bleeding
hematoma causes : (2)
- Inflammation,
- swelling
- pain
the days after breaking a
bone
Broken Bone Repair Process (5)
- Fibroblasts migrate to area and become chondroblasts
- Make a callus between the broken ends of the bone
- Callus is felt as a hard, raised ring at the point of the break
- OsteoClasts arrive and remove the dead bone fragments and the blood cells of the hematoma
- OsteoBlasts arrive and encourage crystallization of the calcium phosphate minerals
Sprains
Stretched or torn ligament
Sprains S/S
Internal bleeding followed by bruising, swelling & pain
Sprains takes a ______ time to heal
because of _____ blood flow to
the _________ tissues
- long
- poor
- connective
Sprains treatment
RICE
What kind of injury is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Repetitive use (primarily caused by typing) injury
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome cause
- Blood vessels, nerves and tendons to the hand and fingers pass through the sheath via a “tunnel”
- Overuse causes inflammation (“itis”) of the tendons causing them to compress the median nerve supplying the hand
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Initial S/S (3)
Pain, tingling, numbness in
the hand & wrist
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Gradual S/S (2)
- Decreased grip strength
- Can’t to make fist or grasp small objects
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Tidbits
- Women are three x3 more likely to suffer from CTS
- dominant hand is usually affected first
- People with diabetes or other metabolic disorders at higher risk
- mostly an “adult” disease
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Non Surgical Treatment (3)
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretics, steroid injections
- Exercise : Strengthening, stretching
- Alternative Medicine : Acupuncture, chiropractic, yoga
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Surgical Treatment
Carpal tunnel release:
1. Sever the band of tissue around bones to release pressure
2. Done if symptoms persist for 6+ months
