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Radiology > LEC 15 - Abdominal US > Flashcards

LEC 15 - Abdominal US Flashcards

1
Q

What are the disadvantages to abdominal US?

A

Nonspecific

Bone or air - can’t tell the difference

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2
Q

What are the advantages to abdominal US?

A

Soft tissue - great clarity
Quick
Inexpensive
Convenient

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3
Q

What is the importance of coupling?

A

Squeeze all the air out

US beam can’t penetrate with air present

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4
Q

What are three coupling media options?

A

Gel
Isopropyl alcohol
Water

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of gel media?

A

Water-based
Slow to couple
Long duration

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of isopropyl alcohol?

A

Fast to couple

Short duration

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7
Q

Why doesn’t water work as a media?

A

Rolls right off the skin due to natural fat that is present

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8
Q

When is it important to only use isopropyl alcohol?

A

When taking a needle aspirate

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9
Q

What is the importance of frequency?

A

increasing frequency, decreases penetration, but increases resolution

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10
Q

Term: Reflection

A

Sound hits something changes speed gives an echo back this is necessary to see color
Otherwise everything is black

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11
Q

What are the three components that can cause reflection?

A

Density
Velocity
Rigidity

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12
Q

When is a fluid not dark in color?

A

When there is a high cell count

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13
Q

What are the two directions of resolution?

A

Pulse duration
– and –
Line density

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14
Q

What direction is line density?

A

Horizontal

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15
Q

What direction is pulse duration?

A

Vertical

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16
Q

Why is a steering probe really good for chest?

A

It can get between the ribs

17
Q

What are the three categories of artifacts?

A

White + Black + Double image

18
Q

What are the two types of white artifacts?

A

Distal enhancement
– and –
Reverberation

19
Q

What type of white artifact makes a useable image?

A

Distal enhancement

20
Q

What are the types of black artifacts?

A

Shadowing
– and –
Refraction

21
Q

What is the structure that causes refraction?

A

Curved border

22
Q

What is the structure that causes shadowing?

A

Luminal object

23
Q

What is distal enhancement?

A

Transmission through medium with no attenuation

24
Q

What structures cause distal enhancement?

A

Cystic structure
Cysts
Gall bladder

25
Q

What is reverberation?

A

Signal goes from muscle to air to muscle again

the extreme difference causes white lines

26
Q

Where is reverberation normal?

A

lugns

27
Q

What causes ringing in the lungs?

A

Mild defects in the lungs

28
Q

What is an important diagnostic of shadowing?

A

Bladder stones

Radiology (21 decks)

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