Lec. 18 (intelligence)

Question 1

Question that drives a lot of intelligence researchers =

Answer 1

do we have an inborn general mental capacity (intelligence)? if so, can we quantify this capacity as a meaningful number?

Question 2

intelligence (in all cultures) is the combination of what 3 things?

Answer 2

• ability to learn from experience
• solve problems
• use our knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 3

in research studies, intelligence is whatever the _______ ______ measures

Answer 3

intelligence test

Question 4

intelligence is a ______ ______; not easily defined; don’t know what is is but knows its affects behavior

Answer 4

“psychology construct”

Question 5

not easily observable (like heights or hair color) but may be measurable; is theorized to exist

Answer 5

psychology construct

Question 6

Sternberge say that intelligence includes what 3 things?

Answer 6

• having knowledge
• efficiently using that knowledge to reason about the world
• using that reasoning adaptively in different environments

Question 7

T/F: most ppl agree with what Sternberg says intelligence includes.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

determined if French children doing poorly in school can be identified; given the job to determine what GRADE children should be placed in; came up with the FIRST intelligence test

Answer 8

Binet (1904)

Question 9

Binet’s test is modified by ________

Answer 9

Termen

Question 10

introduced the concept of IQ

Answer 10

Termen

Question 11

IQ (equation) =

Answer 11

(mental age / chronological age) x 100

Question 12

actual age

Answer 12

chronological age

Question 13

IQ stands for _________ ________ and is a _____

Answer 13

intelligence quotient; ratio

Question 14

avg. intelligence score for IQ =

Answer 14

100

Question 15

measures verbal IQ, performance IQ (speed), full scale IQ; can also calcuate factor scores that reflect a person’s cognitive processing speed, working memory, perceptual organization, verbal comprehension; there are issues with it

Answer 15

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd edition (WAIS-III)

Question 16

what all does the WAIS-III measure (3)?

Answer 16

• verbal IQ
• performance IQ (speed)
• full scale IQ

Question 17

what ELSE can WAIS-III reflect about a person (4)?

Answer 17

• cognitive processing speed
• working memory
• perceptual organization
• verbal comprehension

Question 18

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) component: “what part is missing from this picture?”

Answer 18

picture completion

Question 19

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) component: “these pictures tell a story, but they are in the wrong order. Put them in the right order so they tell a story.”

Answer 19

picture arrangement

Question 20

T/F: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) is made up of many different tests to measure intelligence

Answer 20

true

Question 21

distribution of the IQ scores in the population; get the same graph when you graph a lot of natural phenomenon

Answer 21

normal distribution

Question 22

< a score of 70 =

Answer 22

mental retardation

Question 23

equal to or > 130 =

Answer 23

genius

Question 24

advantages of tests (2):

Answer 24

• tests are STANDARDIZED
• tests SUMMARIZE the test taker’s performance with a specific number/score

Question 25

advantage of tests: the conditions surrounding the test are as similar as possible for everyone who takes it; said to be "OBJECTIVE" (not subjective)

Answer 25

standardized

Question 26

advantage of tests: allows for the calculation of norms, which describe the frequency of particular scores

Answer 26

summarization of performance

Question 27

a good test factors what TWO things into it?

Answer 27

1) reliability 2) validity

Question 28

refers to the stability of a measurement scale, i.e. how far it will give the same results on separate occasions, and it can be assessed in different ways; stability, internal consistency and equivalence

Answer 28

reliability

Question 29

the degree to which a scale measures what it is intended to measure

Answer 29

validity

Question 30

reliability =

Answer 30

consistency

Question 31

"same results from one time to another" of a test =

Answer 31

high reliability

Question 32

"accurate conclusions and predictions" of a test =

Answer 32

high validity

Question 33

for teenagers + adults, ________ is HIGH (generally above +.90) and _______ and reasonability good for predicting certain criteria, but is not a perfect measure of how "smart" ppl are (ex: SAT scores are "pretty good" at predicting how you'll do in college)

Answer 33

reliability, validity

Question 34

both _______ and _______ factors interact to influence cognitive abilities

Answer 34

genetic + environmental

Question 35

_______ seems to play a slightly bigger part in correlation of IQs between siblings compared to _______

Answer 35

genetics; environment

Question 36

2 REASONS why IQs are increasing

Answer 36

1) increased access to NUTRITIOUS foods 2) increased access to HEALTHCARE

Question 37

increase in IQs is call the _____ ______

Answer 37

Finn Effect

Question 38

whether the gains achieved by preschool enrichment programs last are unknown; their long-term benefits are disputed but the fading effects are probably due more to reduced ________ than loss of ___________

Answer 38

motivation; cognitive ability

Question 39

intelligence refers to knowledge acquired through one's culture including verbal ability and social knowledge; Jeopardy tests this

Answer 39

crystallized intelligence

Question 40

abilities needed for abstract reasoning and speeded performance; abilities used to REASON in a situation; related to frontal lobe function

Answer 40

fluid intelligence

Question 41

crystallized intelligence _______ as you age and fluid intelligence ________

Answer 41

increases; decreases

Question 42

crystallized intelligence refers to ______ ability

Answer 42

verbal