lec 19/20

Question 1

What are the two types of reproduction discussed?

Answer 1

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Question 2

What is the result of mitosis?

Answer 2

Genetically identical daughter cells

Question 3

What does meiosis generate?

Answer 3

Genetic diversity

Question 4

What is the primary goal of meiosis?

Answer 4

Produce haploid gametes from a diploid cell

Question 5

How many nuclear divisions occur during meiosis?

Answer 5

Two nuclear divisions

Question 6

What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?

Answer 6

Reduces from diploid to haploid

Question 7

What is synapsis?

Answer 7

The process of pairing of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

What is crossing over?

Answer 8

Exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids at the chiasma

Question 9

What increases genetic variability of the products in meiosis?

Answer 9

Recombinant chromatids

Question 10

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

Answer 10

Homologous pairs separate; sister chromatids remain intact

Question 11

What is independent assortment?

Answer 11

Chance combinations of homologous chromosomes line up during meiosis

Question 12

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 12

Failure of one or more pairs of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to separate

Question 13

What can result from nondisjunction?

Answer 13

Aneuploidy

Question 14

What occurs during the G1-to-S transition?

Answer 14

Cell will divide but stops if DNA is damaged

Question 15

What are growth factors?

Answer 15

Signals that initiate cell division

Question 16

What happens at the S checkpoint?

Answer 16

Cell cycle stops if incomplete replication or DNA damage

Question 17

What is the role of cyclin-CDK complexes?

Answer 17

Regulate progress through cell cycle checkpoints

Question 18

What happens when retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is active?

Answer 18

The cell does not progress to S phase

Question 19

What is the role of protein p53 in the cell cycle?

Answer 19

Activates targets to stop the cell cycle if DNA is damaged

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The cell cycle is the period from one cell division to the _______.

Answer 20

Next cell division

Question 21

True or False: Sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase I of meiosis.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What does the final product of meiosis consist of?

Answer 22

Four haploid daughter cells

Question 23

What is a key feature of the cell cycle checkpoints?

Answer 23

Highly regulated with numerous control points

Question 24

What happens during the G2 checkpoint?

Answer 24

Cell cycle stops if DNA is damaged

Question 25

What is the significance of the metaphase checkpoint?

Answer 25

Cell cycle stops if chromosome not attached to spindle