Lec 1B: Pathology of Heart Wall disorders Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is acute pericarditis?
(itis) - inflammation, tissue is damage.
- acute inflammation of the pericardium. (<2 weeks)
Acute pericarditis as a result of what?
viral, bacterial or fungal (at origin)
autoimmune disease (Rhematic diseasem SLE (systemic lupus erythrmm…. )
-trauma
-drug toxicity
Symptoms of pericarditis?
- Chest pain
- friction rub
- ECG changes
What is pericardial effusion?
accumulation of excess fluid (exudate) in the pericardial sac
- this is bad because it’ll cause inflammation which then leads to heart wall compression.
What determines the effect effusion has on cardiac function?
1) amount of fluid
2) rapidity in which it acculumates
3) elasticity of pericardium
What can cause Serous pericarditis?
- SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Rheumatic fever
- viral infection
What is serous pericarditis?
production of clear, straw-colored, protein-riche exudate containing small numbers of inflammatory cells.
Fibrinous pericarditis?
fibrin-rich exudate. It may be caused by uremia, myocardial infarction or acute fheumatic fever.
purulent pericarditis?
grossly cloudy exudate. It is almost always caused by bacterial infection.
Hemorrhagic pericarditis?
bloody exudate. results from tumor invasion of pericardium, but can result from tuberculosis and other bacterial infections also.
Cardiac temponade?
increase in pericardial sac pressure caused by accumulation of fluid or blood in pericardial sac. REsulting in reduced ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise.
- medical emergency
- death depends on speed of diagnosis
- treatment provided
Two approaches to getting rid of periocardiocentesis
1) Subxiphoid approach
2) parasternal approach.
Myocardial disease?
originates within the myocardium. not from cardiovascular disease
Two major forms of myocardial disease?
1) myocarditis
2) primary cardiomyopathies
Myocarditis?
inflammation of heart muscle and conduction syste without evidence of myocardial infarction
-myocardium becomes thick and swollen
Causese of myocaditis?
#1) Viral . drug toxicity (cocaine) autoimmune disease
Biventricular heart failure?
myocaditis…. does not have any valvular, rheumatic and congenital heart disease.
primary cardiomyopathies?
There are 3 types. what are they?
non-inflammatory
- silent onset.
- assymptomatic
- cardiomegaly and heart failure
- detected in athletes.
1) Dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive,
Dilated cardiomyopathy?
most common form.
- progressive cardiac hypertrophy and dilation
- impaired pumping ability in one or both ventricles
- mural thrombi ( alcohol can cause this). may be a source of thromboemboli
- causes: idiopathic, infectious myocarditis, alcohol
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic ventricular filling.
- autosomal dominant
- not sure how they get it
- Athletes get it.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy?
least common of the primary cardiomyopathies.
- ventricular filliing is restrictive because of excessive regidity and stiffness of the ventricular walls.
- unknown cause.
Bacterial endocarditis?
1) unknown
2) life-threatening condition.
3) includes heart valves.
For infective endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis)? What two things must happen?
1) damaged endocardial surface (presence of valvular disease, prosthetic heart valves, congenital heart defects provide good environment for bacterial growth)
2) portal entry where organism gains access to vasculature (upper respiratory tract lesion, skin lesion)… STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
Bacterial endocarditis normally happens in what kind of people?
1) people with pre-existing heart lesions, also develop in normal hearts with IV drug abusers.
