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Flashcards in Lec 2 Deck (13)
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1
Q

Features in common to all three domains were inherited from

A

LUCA

2
Q

Features common for 3 domains from LUCA: (6)

A

1.) DNA, the universal code
2.) Transcription & RNA
polymerase
3.) RNA of all types
4.) Translation
5.) Most proteins and the metabolic pathways they generate
6.) Membrane and cellular structure

3
Q

The transition of life’s ____ ______ ______ _____ to _____ ______ ___ has occurred through many stages

A

primitive primordial building blocks to advanced cellular life

4
Q

Oparin Ocean Hypothesis aka

A

“primordial soup”

5
Q

Oparin Ocean Hypothesis =

A

the primitive atmosphere was reducing (as opposed to oxygen-rich), and if there was an appropriate supply of energy, such as lightning or ultraviolet light, then a wide range of organic compounds might be synthesized.

6
Q

Wächtershäuser’s hypothesis of surface metabolism aka

A

“primordial sandwich”

7
Q

Wächtershäuser’s hypothesis of surface metabolism: (4)

A
  1. ) Surfaces can concentrate organics by adsorption
  2. ) Polymerization is favored on surfaces – why?
  3. ) Surface chemistry is stereospecific
  4. ) Activated precursors are not required
8
Q

The early Iron/Sulfur world could have driven…

A

…biosynthesis

9
Q

early Iron/Sulfur world: (4)

A
  1. ) CO –> biomolecules
  2. ) Methylthioacetate
    - Precursor of ATP
  3. ) Pyruvate
    - An intermediate in many metabolic pathways
  4. ) Alanine
10
Q

BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT =

A

Species exist as part of a reproductive community

  • Reproductive isolation: mechanism for protection of genotypes
  • Speciation: process of achieving reproductive isolation
11
Q

PHENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT:

A
  1. ) Numerical taxonomy
    - Species are defined on overall similarity or divergence – usually the presence or absence of a trait
  2. ) Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU)
  3. ) Molecular and morphological species
    - Lots of characteristics are observed and used
12
Q

BACTERIAL SPECIES CONCEPTS:

A

1.) Phenetic species:
- High levels of similarity in biochemistry, genetics, morphology, nutrition, and
structure
2.) Genomic species:
- DNA:DNA hybridization (>70% = genomic species)
3.) Ecological Equivalents:
- Found in similar habitats; look, behave the same, but unrelated phylogenetically

13
Q

3 mechanisms Bacteria to take up DNA and incorporate it into their genome:

A
  1. ) Conjugation
  2. ) Transduction
  3. ) Transformation