LEC 2: Tissues

Question 1

4 Primary Tissue Types

Answer 1

1. Epithelial
2. Muscle
3. Connective
4. Nervous

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue Functions

Answer 2

Forms outer layer of body, lines alimentary canal and other hollow structures, makes up glands

Question 3

Basement Membrane

Answer 3

Made of collagen fibres and glycoproteins. Functions:
- anchors epithelial cells to loose CT
forms organised scaffold to provide structural support

Question 4

3 Main Criteria for Classifying Epithelia

Answer 4

1. Number of Cell Layers (Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified)
2. Cell Shape (Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar)
3. Apical Surface Specialisations (Cilia, Microvilli, Keratin)

Question 5

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal

Answer 5

Striations
Nucleai near cell membrane
Multi-nucleated

Question 6

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac

Answer 6

Branched
Striations
Intercalated Discs
Uni-nucleated

Question 7

Muscle Tissue: Smooth

Answer 7

Fusiform
Central nucleus
Lacks striations

Question 8

Connective Tissue: Extracellular Matrix

Answer 8

Fibres embedded in ground substance (mainly tissue fluid).

• Scaffold between cells
• Biochemical support

Question 9

Dense CT (Regular)

Answer 9

Regular layers of cells, very compact, consistent layer of cells/matrix

Question 10

Dense CT (Irregular)

Answer 10

High cell content, very compact, looks like spaghetti

Question 11

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 11

Chondrocytes, bubbles in glass

Question 12

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 12

Fibre with eyeballs, slender man forest

Question 13

Compact Bone

Answer 13

Central canal, bone-forming cells, matrix, lacunae, osteocytes

Question 14

Spongey Bone

Answer 14

Lava Venice, Nether Archipelagos

Question 15

Adipose Tissue

Answer 15

Empty spaces, no nuclei, fat droplets

Question 16

Blood

Answer 16

Cells separated, bi-concave RBC’s, plasma

Question 17

Nervous Tissue 2 Cell Types

Answer 17

1. Neurons (transmit electrical signals)

2. Glial Cells (supporting cells)

Question 18

Walls of Blood Vessels

Answer 18

Three layers (tunics):

1. Tunica Adventitia (outer layer): connective tissue with collagen fibres
2. Tunica Media (middle layer): circularly arranged smooth muscle and elastic fibres
3. Tunica Intima (inner layer): specialised simple squamous

Question 19

Arteries vs. Veins

Answer 19

Arteries: thick and compact walls, nuclei frequent in tunica media, little number of nuclei present in tunica adventitia

Veins: thinner walls, VALVES, larger diameter, layering in walls not as distinct