LEC 2.1 Flashcards
For ____________ steel, the modulus of elasticity is LOWER and more variable; therefore it must be obtained from the manufacturer or from tests.
prestressing
A value of ____________________ MPa ( ________________ psi) is often used for 7 wire strands conforming
186,000 ( 27,000,000)
Maximum value of tensile strength (fpu) for design calculations for strand ( stress relieved and low -relaxation) is _________ MPa
1860
Maximum value of tensile strength (fpu) for design calculations for wire ( stress relieved and low -relaxation) is _________ MPa
1725
Maximum value of tensile strength (fpu) for design calculations for high strength bar is _________ MPa
1035
It is affect that influences the performance of a structure
Action
self weight, permanently supported elements
permanent action (G)
imposed or live loads, wind loads, snow loads and other loads
variable actions (Q)
impact loads, blast load, fire, etc.
accidental actions (A)
In designing a structure, the building ___________ would be designed first, followed by the _________, _________, and last, the ___________.
floor slab, supporting beams, columns, foundation footings
The vertical loads, due mainly the occupancy, self-weight and snow or rain, are commonly referred to as _________________.
gravity loads
Attributed to the intended use or purpose of the structure, and all other imposed loads that may reasonably be assumed to act on the structure during its lifetime
Variable Action (Q)
When structures are used to retain water, soil, or granular materials, the pressure developed by these loadings becomes an importtant criterion for their design.
Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure
The horizontal loads, induced mainly by wind and earthquake are called _____________________.
lateral loads
When the structures block the flow of wind, the wind’s kinetic energy is converted into potential energy of _______________, which causes a wind loading.
pressure
