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ANSC FINAL > LEC 22 > Flashcards

LEC 22 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of glands in the body.

A

Endocrine

Exocrine

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of exocrine glands in body

A

Holocrine
Merocrine
Apocrine

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3
Q

which exocrine gland have

  • cells accumulate secretory products in cytoplasm and die and disintegrate
  • dead cell and products constitute the secretion
  • entire cell is secreted
A

Holocrine glands

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4
Q

which exocrine gland

  • secretions are excreted via exocytosis from secretory vesicles opening into a gland’s lumen and flowing through a duct and then onto a free surface of body.
  • the gland releases its product and no part of gland is lost or damaged
  • most common manner of secretion
A

Merocrine glands

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5
Q

which exocrine gland

  • intermediate, because their secretions gather at the outer ends of gland cells and then pinch off to form secretions
  • mammary glands and some sweat glands
A

Apocrine glands

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6
Q

which molecules bind the receptor and induce all post-receptors events that lead to a biologic effect?

A

Agonists

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7
Q

Which molecues bind the receptors and block binding, but fails to trigger intracellular signaling events?

A

Antagonists

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8
Q

what are the four structural types of hormones?

A

Peptides and proteins
Steroids
Amino acid derivatives
Fatty acid derivatives

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9
Q

which of the four structural types of hormones produces

often as a larger precursor that are cleaved to produce the active form of hormone?

A

Peptides and proteins

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10
Q 
which of the four structural types of hormones produces
glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
androgens
estrogens
progestins?
A

Steroids

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11
Q

which of the four structural types of hormones produces
thyroid hormones and catecholamines
serotonin and melatonin
histamine?

A

Amino acid derivatives

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12
Q 
which of the four structural types of hormones produces
prostaglandis
prostachyclins
leukotrienes
thromboxanes
A

Fatty acid derivatives

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13
Q

what hormones do steroids produce?

A 
glucocorticoids
minerlocorticoids
androgens
estrogens
progestins
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14
Q

what hormones do amino acid derivatives produce

A

thyroid hormones and catecholamines
serotonin and melatonin
histamine

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15
Q

What amino acid forms thyroid hormones and catecholamines

A

Amino acid tyrosine

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16
Q

What hormones are derived from amino acid tyrosine

A

Thyroid hormones

Catecholamines

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17
Q

What amino acid forms serotonin and melatonin

A

Amino acid tryptophan

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18
Q

What hormones are derived from amino acid tryptophan

A

Serotonin

Melatonin

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19
Q

What amino acid forms histamine

A

Amino acid glutamic acid

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20
Q

What hormones are derived from amino acid glutamic acid

A

Histamine

21
Q

what does the acidophils produce

A 
growth hormone (somatotropin)
prolactin
22
Q

what hormones do fatty acid derivatives produce

A

prostagladins
prostacyclins
leukotrienes
thromboxanes

29
Q

what are the two main division of the pituitary gland?

A

adenohypophysis

neurohypophysis

30
Q

what are the 3 types of cells in the pars distalis

A

acidophils
basophils
chromophobes

31
Q

what does the basophils produce

A

thyroid stimualting hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
adrenocorticotrophic hormone

32
Q

what does the chromophobes produce

A

minimal hormonal content

33
Q

what is

  • directly sensitive to light
  • receive input by nerve fibers from the visual coordinating center in brain
  • coordinates circadian and seasonal rhythms of body
  • located in midline of brain
A

pineal gland

34
Q

name the three zones of adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

35
Q

which zones of the adrenal cortex

-secretes mineralocorticoids

A

zona glomerulosa

36
Q

which zones of the adrenal cortex

-secretes glucocoricoids

A

zona fasciculata

37
Q

which zones of the adrenal cortex

-secretes the sex steroid hormones (androgens)

A

zona reticularis

38
Q

what produces catecholamines

and is direcly innervated by autonomic nervous system?

A

Adrenal medulla

39
Q

what does the adrenal medulla produce?

A

catecholamines

  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
40
Q

what is a amorphous material in follicles that consists of inactive storage form of hormones
-thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine

A

colloid

41
Q

what type of epithelium lines thyroid follicles?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

42
Q

what are cells that are ova-shaped and do not produce colloid?

A

C-cells, clear cells, aka parafollicular cells

43
Q

what produces calcitonin but not colloid

A

C-cells, clear cells, aka parafollicular cells

44
Q

what lowers calcium by stimulating uptake in bone

increases activity of asteoblast and synthesis of bone

A

calcitonin

45
Q

what causes bone resorption by increasing osteoclast activity
increases renal absorption of calcium
enhances calsium and phosphorus absorption from intestines
increases levels of serum calcium and phosphorus

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

46
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression

A 
orbicularis oris
levator nasolabialis
buccinator
zygomaticus
frontalis
47
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

masseter
temporalis
medial/lateral pterygoid
digastricus

48
Q

what are the muscles of tongue

A

styloglossus
genioglossus
hyoglossus

49
Q

what nerve innervates the

  • muscle of facial expression
  • muscle of mastication
  • muscle of tongue
A
  • facial nerve
  • trigeminal nerve
  • hypoglossal nerve
50
Q

what is located between the brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus muscles?

A

Jugular groove

50
Q

what structure is located in jugular groove?

A

external jugular vein in the horse.

50
Q

what are the two strap muscles of the neck

A

sternohyoid muscle

sternothyroid muscle

50
Q

which strap muscle is attached from sternum to hyoid cartilage in head

A

sternohyoid muscle

50
Q

which strap muscle is attached from sternum to thyroid cartilage in head

A

sternothyroid muscle

50
Q

what are the 3 types of glands found in salivary glands

A

serous
mucus
mixed

ANSC FINAL (3 decks)

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