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Lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

measures light and is applied to spectrophotometry

A

Colorimetry

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2
Q

Law of colorimetry

A

Involves measurement of the amount of light absorbed by the solution, and that absorption is related to concentration.

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3
Q

2 primary considerations in colorimetric analysis

A

• quality of light
• intensity of light

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4
Q

A kind of colorimetry that uses the eye in determining the end product/point.

A

Visual Colorimetry

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5
Q

Duboscq Colorimeter follows _____ Law.

A

Beer’s Law

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6
Q

A = C x L x K

A

Beer’s Law formula

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7
Q

The solution’s absorbance is directly proportional to the solution’s concentration

A

Beer’s Law

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8
Q

The solution’s absorbance is inversely proportional to the transmittance

A

Beer’s Law

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9
Q

A refined type of visual colorimeter. It is used to determine the concentration of UNKNOWN GLUCOSE solutions

A

Duboscq Colorimeter

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10
Q

The concentration of the absorbance is equal to the concentration of the substance times the depth

A

Beer’s Law

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11
Q

Spectrophotometry

A

Measures light intensity using a device (prism/grating) to disperse the source of light into a continuous spectrum.

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12
Q

Measures light intensity of multiple wavelength using a filter to isolate part of the spectrum

A

Filter Photometry

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13
Q

Entrance slit is also known as _____

A

Collimator lens

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14
Q

It narrows down the rays of light coming from the light source

A

Entrance slit

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15
Q

This separates the white light into different colors, and only one of those colors is allowed to pass through.

A

Monochromator

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16
Q

It provides radiant energy in the form of visible light that passes through the monochromator.

A

Light Source

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17
Q

8 types of light source

A
  • Tungsten lamp
  • hydrogen lamp
  • quartz halide lamp
  • deuterium lamp
  • Mercury vapor/arc lamp
  • Hollow cathode lamp
  • LED (light emitting diodes)
  • Laser
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18
Q

This light source provided energy wavelength from 340 to 780 nm and wavelength is visible.

A

Tungsten Lamp

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19
Q

Tungsten lamp that is for visible and UV

A

Tungsten Iodine Lamp

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20
Q

Tungsten Lamp which is the filament of the lamp.

A

Tungsten Halide Filaments

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21
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Tungsten Halide Filaments
- long lasting
- less light at shorter wavelength
- emits a higher intensity radiant energy

A

FALSE

  • MORE light at shorter wavelength
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22
Q

A light source with a wavelength less than 300 nm

A

Deuterium Lamp

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23
Q

This part of the spectrophotometer minimizes stray light from the light source by preventing scattering of light.

A

Entrance Slit

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24
Q

Monochromator

A

A wavelength selector which isolate specific wavelength of light by the use of a prism/grating or both.

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25
4 types of monochromator
Prism, Diffraction grating, Colored filter, Interference filter
26
A type of monochromator that is a **triangular wedge-shaped piece**. Made of either glass, quartz, NaCl or KBr.
Prism Monochromator
27
A prism monochromator for visible spectrum
Glass prism
28
A prism monochromator used in UV
Quartz / Fused silica prism
29
A prism monochromator for infrared spectrum
Prism made of NaCl or KBr
30
A monochromator that has *small grooves* cut into it. May have **>3000 grooves per millimeter**
Diffraction Grating
31
Colored Filter
A type of monochromator that allows a wide range of wavelengths to pass through wide bandwidths of 20-60nm. Less expensive but less sensitive
32
A type of monochromator that is used to obtain **special purity**.
Interference Filter
33
General methods under the classifications of Clinical Chem instrumentation that measure EMR
Spectrophotometry, Electrophoresis, Immunoassay, Nephelometry, Ion-selective electrodes
34
Basic Categories of Analytical Chem
Spectrometry, Luminescence, Electroanalyctical methods, Chromatography
35
The measurement of radiant energy that is **absorbed or given off** by a molecule after illumination of light source.
Photometry
36
The radiant energy that includes *short gamma rays* to *long radio waves*. They are *photons* of energy traveling in a *wave-like manner*.
EMR
37
Types of EMR (in order)
Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays, Visible rays, Infrared, Radio waves
38
It is a **photon** or discrete *packet of energy* traveling in waves.
Light
39
Wavelength of light
The distance between 2 successive peaks.
40
Value of **h** (Planck's constant)
6.62 x 10^(-27)
41
Refers to the wavelength interval in which the *lowest type* of radiant energy occurs
Planck's constant
42
A term used to define a light wave. It is the **distance between trough & peak**
Amplitude
43
Nanometer (nm)
• 10^(-9) • the **standard international unit** for expressing wavelength of light
44
• old term for wavelength • 1 mu = 1 nm
Millimicron (mu)
45
Angstrom (A)
• smaller compared to Nanometer and Millimicron. • 10^(-10)
46
A kind of wavelength with approximately **390 to 750 nm**
Visible spectrum/spectra/light/ray
47
2 rays under Invisible Spectra
UV rays, Infrared ray
48
A kind of invisible spectrum with a wavelength of **190 to 390 nm**
UV rays
49
A kind if invisible spectrum with a wavelength of **more than 800 nm**
Infrared rays
50
Delivers the light *desired* wavelength by adjusting the wavelength adjustment knob
Exit slit
51
A certain **range of** band of **wavelengths** are allowed to pass **into the sample**
Bandpass/Bandwidth
52
An *absorption cell* used to **hold a solution inside the instrument**. Absorption is *measured*.
Analytical Cell / Cuvette / Sample Holder
53
A kind of cuvette used for solutions that are **alkaline** and do not etch the glass.
Soft glass cuvette
54
A kind of cuvette suitable for **visible portion of light**
Borosilicate glass cuvette
55
A kind of cuvette that does NOT absorb UV radiation, so it is used to measure **UV radiation** (below 320 nm)
Quartz / Plastic cuvette
56
An electron tube amplifying current that can **convert** transmitted radiant energy into an *equal amount* of **Photoelectric energy**
Detector
57
A type of detector that is less expensive, durable, and temperature sensitive.
Barrier-layer cell / Photocell
58
A type of detector that gives off **electrons** when light energy strikes. It requires an **outside voltage**, thus it's expensive.
Photoemission Tube
59
A type of detector that detects and amplifies radiant energy from the solution to the detector, wherein it is **already converted to electrical energy**.
Photomultiplier
60
A type of detector which produces a photocurrent that is proportional to the **incident** radiant energy.
Photodiode
61
The simplest method of **displaying the output of the detection system**.
Data read-out device
62
It is a **reference solution** when electrical read out of the instrument is arbitrarily at **100%T or 0.0 A**
Blanking / Blank (BLK)
63
4 types of BLK
Distilled water blank, Reagent blank, Air blank, Serum / Sample blank
64
A type of BLK which contains **only distilled H2O**. It is used to **set Zero Absorbance** (0.0 A)
Distilled water blank
65
A type of BLK that *contains all the components* of the chromogenic reaction EXCEPT **the sample and its analyte**.
Reagent Blank
66
A type of BLK that contains **all the reagent** and the **sample**. EXCEPT for the **last reagent** that will give color to the reaction.
Sample BLK
67
A measure of the amount of light that **passes through** the solution
Transmittance
68
A proportion of light that **penetrates** the solution
Transmittance
69
The amount of light being **absorbed** or stopped by a solution
Absorbance
70
Formula used in the Spectrophotometer
Cu = Au x Cs / As
71
5 Calibration procedures for Quality Assurance of Spectrophotometry.
Wavelength calibration, Absorbance/Photometric Accuracy checks, Linearity check, Electronic Stability, Stray light check
72
The 3 standards for Photometric Accuracy Checks
Potassium dichromate sol, Cobalt ammonium sulfate sol, Potassium nitrate sol
73
Any wavelength of light **outside** the band transmitted and selected by the monochromator
Stray light

CC1 (16 decks)

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