Lec 3: Erythropoiesis

Question 1

1. The main function of erythrocytes
2. The secondary functions of erythrocytes

Answer 1

1. To carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues by attachment of oxygen to hemoglobin
2. • Returning carbon dioxide to the lungs
   • buffering the ph of the blood

Question 2

A process of red blood cell production

Answer 2

Erythropoiesis

Question 3

It is a dynamic process that originates from pluripotent stem cells

Answer 3

Erythropoiesis

Question 4

This process typically occurs in erythroid islands

Answer 4

Erythropoiesis

Question 5

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

Answer 5

The bone marrow

Question 6

The formation of all blood cellular components

Answer 6

Hematopoiesis

Question 7

• The earliest identifiable colony of the RBC
• a large multiclastered colony that resembles a cluster of grapes containing brightly colored hemoglobin

Answer 7

Burst forming unit erythroid

Question 8

The earliest morphological recognizable erythrocyte precursor

Answer 8

Pronormoblast

Question 9

pronormoblast

1. Derived from what unit erythrocyte
2. A single pronormoblast results how many mature RBCs?

Answer 9

1. Colony forming unit erythrocyte
2. 8–32 mature RBC’s

Question 10

erythropoiesis nomenclature

1. It is the nucleated precursors in the bone marrow
2. It refers to developing nucleated cells with normal appearance
3. Used for granulocyte development

Answer 10

1. Erythroblasts
2. Normoblasts
3. rubriblastic

Question 11

Qualities in identification of RBC

Answer 11

• nuclear chromatin pattern (texture, density, homogeneity)
• nuclear diameter
• nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
• Nucleoli (presence/absence)
• cytoplasmic color
• basophilia
• eosinophilia

Question 12

• most immature RBC
• earliest recognizable erythroid precursor
• largest erythroid precursor

Answer 12

Pronormoblast

Question 13

The collection of all the stages of erythrocytes throughout the body

Answer 13

Erythron

Question 14

It is the major simulatory cytokine for RBC production

Answer 14

Erythropoietin

Question 15

The main stimulus to RBC production

Answer 15

Hypoxia

Question 16

This location provides early detection when oxygen levels declined

Answer 16

Kidneys

• it receives approximately 20% of the cardiac output with little loss of oxygen levels leaving the heart

Question 17

The primary oxygen-sensing system of the body is located in ___.

Answer 17

Peritubular fibroblasts of the kidney

Question 18

It is a true hormone produced in the kidneys and it acts on the bone marrow

Answer 18

Erythropoietin

Question 19

The three major effects of erythropoietin

Answer 19

• Allow early release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow
• inhibition of apoptosis
• reduce marrow transit time

Question 20

• The process of cellular aging
• major way in which RBCs die normally

Answer 20

Senescence

Question 21

1. How is erythropoietin measured?
2. Reference interval

Answer 21

1. Chemiluminescence
2. 4–27 mU/L

Question 22

What are the two types of RBC destruction? (include location)

Answer 22

Extravascular hemolysis
- spleen
- macrophage-mediated

Intravascular hemolysis
- lumen of blood vessels
- mechanical cause

Question 23

Roles of Haptoglobin and Hemopexin

Answer 23

When the RBCs are destroyed, the released hemoglobin will be salvaged by THEM so that its iron is not lost in the urine