LEC 3 QUIZ

Question 1

• it is the “command center”

Answer 1

eukaryotic nucleus

Question 2

it has a three components; nucleoplasm, chromosomes and a nuclear membrane

Answer 2

eukaryotic

Question 3

eukaryotic chromosomes consist of

Answer 3

linear DNA molecules and proteins

Question 4

genes are located along chromosomes. An organism complete collection of genes is referred to as _____

Answer 4

genotype or genome

Question 5

although most genes code for proteins, some code or two types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) wat are the two

Answer 5

ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRna) & transfer ribonucleic acid (tRna)

Question 6

human diploid cells have ____ and consist of between 20k to 25k genes

Answer 6

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 7

• a semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix
• it contains storage granules and organelles
  -each organelles have its specific function
• this is where metabolic reactions occur

Answer 7

cytoplasm

Question 8

• a highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm
• rough er ribosome attached to it, smooth er does not

Answer 8

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 9

• this is where the sites of proteins synthesis
• consist of ribosomal RNA and proteins

Answer 9

ribosomes

Question 10

• this connects or communicates with ER
• also called golgi apparatus or golgi body
• it completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export (packaging plants)

Answer 10

golgi complex

Question 11

• it contains lysozyme and other digestive enzymes
• originate in Golgi complex
• peroxisomes are membrane-bound vesicles where H202 is generated and broken down

Answer 11

lysosomes and peroxisomes

Question 12

bacteria and archaea

Answer 12

kingdom of prokaryotae

Question 13

algae and protozoa

Answer 13

kingdom protista

Question 14

fungi

Answer 14

kingdom fungi

Question 15

plants

Answer 15

kingdom plantae

Question 16

animals

Answer 16

kingdom animalia

Question 17

viruses are not included because they are _____ so other systems of classification do exist

Answer 17

acellular

Question 18

the three domain system of classification.

• the three domain is based on differences in the structure of certain ribosomal RNA (rrna) molecules among organisms in the thre domains

Answer 18

1. archaea (prokar)
2. bacteria (prokar)
3. eucarya (eukaryotic organisms)

Question 19

• ATP molecules produced within ____ by cellular respiration
• number of _____ varies depending on the activtes of the cells
• called as “energy factories or powerhouses”

Answer 19

mitochondria

Question 20

• membrane bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments
• they are sites of photsynthesis
• chloroplasts are type of it; they contain chlorophyll

Answer 20

plastids

Question 21

• a system pf fibers throughout the cytoplasm
• three types of fibers (MICROTUBULES, MICROFILAMENTS, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS)
• microtubules and microfilaments are essential for a variety of activities

Answer 21

cytoskeleton

Question 22

• an external structure to provide shape, protection and rigidity)
• simpler in the structure than prokaryotic cell walls
• CHITIN found in _____ of fungi; cellulose in ____ of algae and plants

Answer 22

cell walls

Question 23

what are present in cell walls

Answer 23

plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, most bacteria

Question 24

what are absent in cell walls

Answer 24

animals, protozoa, mycoplasma species

Question 25

- some eukaryoic cells (ex: spermatozoa and protozoa) possess LONG, THIN, WHIPLIKE organelles of locomotion called _____ - it may possess one or more flagella

Answer 25

flagella

Question 26

- some cells move by means of ____ which are shorter, thinner, and more numerous than flagella, and it is described as “hair like”. - found on some species of protozoa and certain types of cells in our bodies (ex: ciliated epithelia cells in the respi tract)

Answer 26

cilia

Question 27

- this are 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells - more simpler compared to eukar - produce by BINARY FISSION - all bacteria are ______ as are archaea - the cytoplasm is not filled with internal membranes - cytoplasm is surrounded by a cell membrane, a cell wall and sometimes a capsule or slime layer

Answer 27

PROKARYOTIC CELL

Question 28

- similar structure and function to the eukaryotic cell - SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE - many enzymes are attached to the _____ where metabolic reactions take place

Answer 28

cell membrane

Question 29

- consist of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule and serves as the control center o the cell - plasmids are small, circular molecules of DNA that are not part of the chromosomes (extra chromosomal

Answer 29

chromosome

Question 30

it is a semiliquid that consists of water, enzymes, waste products, nutrients, proteins, carb and lipids required for metabolic functions

Answer 30

cytoplasm prokar

Question 31

- prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, but their function is the same, THEY ARE THE SITES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - most are ribosomes, some of which occur in clusters

Answer 31

cytoplasmic particles