Lec 5 Cardiovascular PE in the Adult

Question 1

What is the gold standard in BP measurement?

Answer 1

Mercury type sphygmomanometer

Question 2

What is the term used to refer to a bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes?

Answer 2

Cyanosis

Question 3

What is the direction of blood flow in shunts present in cyanotic patients?

Answer 3

R-L

Question 4

What is the term used to refer to an increased retention of fluids?

Answer 4

Edema

Question 5

Which area of the leg is used to check for pitting edema?

Answer 5

Anterior tibial

Question 6

What are the PE manifestations of myxedema?

Answer 6

lethargic, weak, droopy eyelids, smooth tongue

Question 7

What heart conditions are Marfan’s syndrome usually associated with?

Answer 7

Aortic regurgation, Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Question 8

Mitral facies could be indicative of which heart condition?

Answer 8

Mitral stenosis

Question 9

What are the ideal conditions for taking BP?

Answer 9

Patient should not have eaten, smoked, taken caffeine, or engaged in vigorous activity 10-30 minutes before examination

Question 10

What are the Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 10

I. pressure at which a sound is first heard during the release of the blood pressure cuff
II. Increase in sound intensity, sound has a blowing quality
III.Soft thud as sound decreases in intensity
IV. Sound becomes muffled
V. Sound disappears

Question 11

What is the most superficial peripheral pulse?

Answer 11

Radial pulse

Question 12

What is an auscultatory gap?

Answer 12

a silent interval between the true systolic and diastolic pressures

Question 13

What is the effect of inspiration and expiration on JVP?

Answer 13

JVP moves cephalad with expiration and caudad with inspiration

Question 14

Where is the carotid pulse palpated?

Answer 14

at or below the level of the cricoid cartilage

Question 15

What is the difference between a bruit and a murmur?

Answer 15

bruit- peripheral turbulence of flow

murmur- turbulence of flow in the heart

Question 16

The sternal angle is assumed to be how far from the right atrium?

Answer 16

5 cm

Question 17

What is the normal JVP measurement in a healthy adult?

Answer 17

<4 cm

Question 18

Which portion of the hand is used to palpate for shocks and thrills?

Answer 18

base of the fingers

Question 19

What is the normal location of the PMI?

Answer 19

4th or 5th ICS medial to the midclavicular line

Question 20

Which patient position helps bring out S3 and mitral murmurs?

Answer 20

left lateral decubitus position

Question 21

Which patient position helps bring out aortic murmurs?

Answer 21

The patient is sitting, leaning forward, and holding his breath

Question 22

In the Levine scale of grading heart murmurs, what are the characteristics of a grade 5/6 murmur?

Answer 22

Heard with stethoscope partly off the chest, palpable thrill

Question 23

What heart condition is usually associated with a pansystolic murmur?

Answer 23

AV valve regurgitation

Question 24

What heart condition is usually associated with a systolic ejection murmur?

Answer 24

physiologic murmur, semilunar valve regurgitation

Question 25

What heart condition is usually associated with a late systolic murmur?

Answer 25

mitral valve prolapse

Question 26

What heart condition is usually associated with an early diastolic murmur?

Answer 26

aortic regurgitation

Question 27

Which muscle does the femoral artery pass through in order to reach the popliteal fossa?

Answer 27

adductor magnus muscle

Question 28

What heart condition is usually associated with a middiastolic murmur?

Answer 28

AV valve stenosis

Question 29

What heart condition is usually associated with an opening snap sound?

Answer 29

mitral stenosis