[LEC] Liver Enzymes Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
5 MAJOR LIVER ENZYMES
A
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
5’ NTP
2
Q
RECOMMENDED NAME OF AST
A
ASPARTATE AMINO TRANSFERASE
3
Q
ENZYME CLASS OF AST
A
TRANSFERASE
4
Q
EC CODE OF AST
A
2.6.1.1
5
Q
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF AST
A
L-ASPARTATE-2-OXOGLUTARATE AMINOTRANSFERASE
6
Q
FORMER NAME OF AST
A
SGOT
SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE
7
Q
COENZYME OF AST
A
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE
8
Q
CHEMICAL REACTION OF AST
A
ASPARTATE + ALPHA-KTOGLUTARATE <—AST—> OXALOACETATE + GLUTAMATE
9
Q
WHICH ENZYME HAS A SHORTER HALF LIFE
AST OR ALT
A
AST
10
Q
IN AST, ALPHA KETO ACIDS ARE OXIDIZED BY WHAT REACTION
A
TCA CYCLE
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
11
Q
WHAT DOES THE TCA CYCLE PRODUCE
A
ENERGY
12
Q
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF AST
A
CARDIAC TISSUE
LIVER
SKELETAL MUSCLE
13
Q
MINOR TISSUE SOURCES OF AST
A
KIDNEY
PANCREAS
ERYTHROCYTES
14
Q
ISOENZYME FRACTIONS OF AST
A
CYTOPLASM — Predominant form; found in healthy sera
MITOCHONDRIA — Abnormal; found in cellular necrosis
15
Q
IS AST ISOENZYME ANALYSIS ROUTINELY DONE
A
NO
16
Q
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCES OF AST
A
HEPATOCELLULAR DISORDERS
SKELETAL MUSCLE INVOLVEMENT
ANGINA PECTORIS
17
Q
AST IS USED TO FOLLOW THE COURSE OF WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION
A
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
— But is not used to diagnose
18
Q
PREDOMINANT AST ISOENZYME FORM
A
CYTOPLASMIC AST
19
Q
ISOENZYME OF AST THAT APPEARS WHEN CELLULAR NECROSIS OCCURS
A
MITOCHONDRIAL AST
20
Q
PATIENT IS DIAGNOSED WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM,
WHAT AST ISOENZYME IS INCREASED
A
MITOCHONDRIAL AST
21
Q
CYTOPLASMIC AST IS FOUND IN PATIENT X’S SERUM SAMPLE.
IS THE PATIENT SUFFERING FROM ANY CLINICAL CONDITION
A
NO
CYTOPLASMIC AST IS FOUND IN HEALTHY HUMAN SERA
22
Q
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON HEPATOCYTES
A
ALCOHOL DESTROYS HEPATOCYTES
MITOCHONDRIAL AST INCREASES
23
Q
THE TWO MAIN ENZYMES USED TO MONITOR HEPATOCELLULAR DISORDERS
A
AST
ALT
24
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
AST IS USED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
A
FALSE
25
WHAT ARE THE TIME ACTIVITY OF AST IN ANGINA PECTORIS
RISE — 6 TO 8 HRS AFTER ONSET
PEAK — 24 HRS
RETURNS — WITHIN 3-5 DAYS (OR WITHIN 5 DAYS)
26
HIGHEST ELEVATION OF AST
5X ULN
27
CLINICAL CONDITIONS OF AST WHEN ELEVATIONS REACH 5 OR MORE X ULN
ACUTE HEPATOCELLULAR DISORDERS
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE (SHOCK)
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
ACUTE, SUDDEN
28
CLINICAL CONDITIONS OF AST WHEN ELEVATIONS ARE MODERATE
BILIARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION
CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS
CONGESTIVE FAILURE
METASTATIC OR PRIMARY TUMOR IN LIVER
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
KEY TAKEAWAYS: OBSTRUCTION, FAILURE TO FUNCTION
29
CLINICAL CONDITIONS OF AST WHEN ELEVATION IS SLIGHT
PERICARDITIS
CIRRHOSIS
PULMONARY INFARCTION
DELIRIUM TREMENS
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
HEPATOTOXIC DRUG INTAKE
KEY TAKEAWAYS: INFLAMMATION, INJURY, DRUGS
30
WHAT ENZYME IS USED TO MONITOR HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
AST
31
LIMIT AT WHICH THE PHYSICIAN STOPS THE PATIENT’S THERAPY WITH HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
UP TO 3X ULN
32
[RATIO SUMMARY]
HALF LIFE OF AST AND ALT
AST < ALT
33
[RATIO SUMMARY]
LEVELS OF AST AND ALT IN LIVER DISEASES
AST < ALT
34
[RATIO SUMMARY]
DE RITIS RATIO
ALT:AST > 1 — ACUTE HEPATITIS
AST > ALT — ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
35
[RATIO SUMMARY]
AST AND ALT LEVELS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CIRRHOSIS
AST > ALT
36
[RATIO SUMMARY]
AST AND ALT LEVELS IN LIVER NEOPLASIA
AST > ALT
37
WHY IS AST HIGHER THAN ALT IN CASES OF HEPATOCELLULAR CIRRHOSIS AND LIVER NEOPLASIA
BECAUSE HEPATOCYTES ARE SEVERELY DAMAGED
HEPATOCYTES HAVE HIGH AST ACTIVITY
38
[RATIO SUMMARY]
AST AND ALT LEVELS IN LIVER SPECIFICITY
AST < ALT
39
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF ALT
TRANSFERASE
40
EC CODE OF ALT
2.6.1.2
41
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF ALT
L-ALANINE-2-OXIDOGLUTARATE AMINOTRANSFERASE
42
RECOMMENDED NAME OF ALT
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE
43
COENZYME OF ALT
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE
44
HALF LIFE OF AST
16 HRS
45
HALF LIFE OF ALT
24 HRS
46
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE IS THE COENZYME OF WHICH LIVER ENZYMES
AST AND ALT
47
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCE OF ALT
LIVER (More specific than AST)
KIDNEY
48
MINOR TISSUE SOURCES OF ALT
HEART
SKELETAL MUSCLE
49
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS AST MORE ELEVATED THAN ALT AND WHY
ACUTE HEPATOCELLULAR CIRRHOSIS
LIVER NEOPLASIA
HEPATOCYTES ARE SEVERELY DAMAGED
HEPATOCYTES HAVE HIGHER AST ACTIVITY
50
ARE ALT ELEVATIONS OBSERVED IN PATIENTS WHO ARE NON ALCOHOLIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC
YES
51
WHAT SCREENING PROCEDURE IS ALT USED IN
SCREENING FOR BLOOD DONORS
SCREENING POST TRANSFUSION (FOR POST TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS)
52
MILD ALT ELEVATIONS ARE FOUND IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS
HEPATITIS C INFECTIONS
53
WHAT ENZYME IS MORE SPECIFIC FOR THE LIVER
ALT
54
CHEMICAL REACTION OF ALT
ALANINE + A-KETOGLUTARATE <—ALT—> PYRUVATE + GLUTAMATE
55
[RATIO SUMMARY]
ENZYME ACTIVITY IN HEPATOCYTES
AST > ALT
56
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF ALP
HYDROLASE
57
EC CODE OF ALP
3.1.3.1
58
RECOMMENDED NAME OF ALP
ALKALINE PHOSPHATE
59
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF ALP
ALKALINE ORTHOPHOSPHERIC MONOESTER PHOSPHOHYDROLASE
60
OPTIMUM PH AT WHICH ALP FUNCTIONS
pH 9-10
61
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF ALP
CANALICULAR MEMBRANE OF THE LIVER
OSTEOBLASTS IN THE BONE
62
MINOR TISSUE SOURCES OF ALP
MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBE OF THE KIDNEYS
PLACENTA
63
ISOFORMS OF ALP BASED ON GENETIC LOCUS
CHR 1 — KIDNEY, LIVER, BONE
CHR 2 — PLACENTA, INTESTINE
64
WHAT ALP TISSUE SOURCE IS CODED FOR BY CHROMOSOME 1
KIDNEY
LIVER
BONE
65
WHAT ALP TISSUE SOURCE IS CODED FOR BY CHROMOSOME 2
PLACENTA
INTESTINES
66
WHAT ARE THE NORMAL ISOENZYMES OF ALP
INTESTINAL
PLACENTAL
BONE AND LIVER
67
MOST PREDOMINANT ISOENZYME FRACTION OF ALP
BONE AND LIVER ALP
68
WHAT ARE THE ABNORMAL ISOENZYME FRACTIONS OF ALP
REGAN
NAGAO
KASHARA
69
WHAT ISOENZYME FRACTION RESULTS WHEN THERE IS AN ECTOPIC PRODUCTION OF ALP
REGAN
70
IN WHAT CONDITIONS IS THE REGAN FRACTION FOUND IN
LUNG, BREAST, COLON CANCERS
OVARIAN AND GYNECOLOGICAL CANCERS (HIGH INCIDENCE)
71
IN WHAT CONDITIONS DOES THE REGAN ISOENZYME FRACTION HAVE THE HIGHEST INCIDENCE IN
OVARIAN AND GYNECOLOGICAL CANCERS
72
MOST HEAT STABLE ALP ISOENZYME FORM
REGAN
73
WHAT HEAT CONDITION CAN THE REGAN FRACTION RESIST
UP TO 60C FOR 30 MINS
74
WHAT ISOENZYME FORM IS A VARIANT OF THE REGAN FORM
NAGAO
75
IN WHAT CONDITION IS THE NAGAO FORM FOUND IN
PLEURAL CANCER
(WITH NAGAO)
76
IN WHAT CONDITIONS IS THE KASAHARA FORM FOUND ELEVATED IN
HEPATOMA
GIT TUMORS
77
METHODS OF SEPARATING THE ALP ISOENZYMES
ELECTROPHORESIS
HEAT DENATURATION OR HEAT STABILITY TEST
CHEMICAL INHIBITION
78
ELECTROPHORETIC ABILITY OF ALP FRACTIONS
(SLOWEST TO FASTEST TOWARDS THE ANODE)
INTESTINAL > PLACENTAL > BONE > MAJOR LIVER > A1
IPBMA
79
SUB FRACTIONS OF THE ALP LIVER ISOENZYME
MAJOR LIVER
FAST/A1
80
RESULTS OF HEAT DENATURATION OF ALP FRACTIONS
(LEAST TO MOST HEAT STABLE)
BONE > LIVER > INTESTINAL > PLACENTAL
BLIP
81
HEAT CONDITIONS USED IN THE HEAT DENATURATION METHOD OF ALP
SERUM IS TREATED AT 56C FOR 10-15 MINS
82
MOST HEAT STABLE NORMAL ISOENZYME OF ALP
PLACENTA
83
MOST HEAT STABLE ALP ISOENZYME (OUT OF ALL OF THEM)
NAGAO
84
ALP FRACTIONS INHIBITED BY L-PHENYLALANINE
PLACENTAL
INTESTINAL
REGAN
NAGAO
(PIRN)
85
ALP FRACTIONS INHIBITED BY LEVAMISOL
LIVER
BONE
86
ALP FRACTIONS INHIBITED BY L-HOMOARGININE
LIVER AND BONE
87
WHAT CHEMICALS INHIBIT THE BONE AND LIVER ALPs
LEVAMISOL
L-HOMOARGININE
88
ALP FRACTIONS INHIBITED BY 2M UREA
BONE
89
ALP FRACTIONS INHIBITED BY L-LEUCINE
NAGAO
90
ALP FRACTIONS INHIBITED BY 20% ETHANOL
DENATURES LIVER ALP MORE RAPIDLY THAN BONE ALP
91
TRUE OR FALSE
2M UREA DENATURES BONE ALP MORE RAPIDLY THAN LIVER ALP
FALSE
20% ETHANOL DENATURES LIVER ALP MORE THAN BONE ALP
92
CHEMICAL INHIBITORS OF ALP
L-PHENYLALANINE — Placental, intestinal, regan, nagao
LEVAMISOL — Bone and liver
L-HOMOARGININE — Bone and liver
2M UREA — Bone
L-LEUCINE — Nagao
20% ETHANOL — Denatures Liver ALP > Bone ALP
93
PRONOUNCEED ELEVATION OF ALP
5 OR MORE X ULN
94
MODERATE ELEVATION OF ALP
3-5X ULN
95
SLIGHT ELEVATION OF ALP
UP TO 3X ULN
96
CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN PRONOUNCED ELEVATION OF ALP
(5X OR MORE ULN)
BILIARY DUCT OBSTRUCTION
BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
PAGET’S DISEASE — OSTEOTITIS DEFORMANS
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
OSTEOGENIC CARCINOMA
97
PAGET’S DISEASE IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS
OSTEOTITIS DEFORMANS
98
CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN MODERATE ELEVATION OF ALP
(3-5X ULN)
GRANULOMATOUS OR INFLITRATIVE DISEASES OF LIVER
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
METASTATIC TUMORS IN BONES
METABOLIC BONE DISEASES (RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA)
99
CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN SLIGHT ELEVATIONS OF ALP
(UP TO 3X ULN)
VIRAL HEPATITIS
CIRRHOSIS
HEALING FRACTURES
PREGNANCY (3RD TRIMESTER UNTIL LABOR)
NORMAL GROWTH OF CHILDREN
100
CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN DECREASED ALP LEVELS
HYPOPHOSPHATASIA
101
CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN THE B1X FORM (BONE ALP ISOFORM)
DIALYSIS PATIENT SERUM (CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE)
LOW BONE MINERAL DISEASE (BMD)
BMD OF THE HIP
102
SINCE REGAN IS A VARIANT OF NAGAO, CAN IT ALSO BE INHIBITED BY L-LEUCINE?
NO
103
IN THE HEAT DENATURATION OF ALP, IF >20% ACTIVITY REMAINS, THE ELEVATION IN ALP IS DUE TO WHAT ISOENZYME
LIVER ALP
104
IN THE HEAT DENATURATION OF ALP, IF <20% ACTIVITY REMAINS, THE ELEVATION IN ALP IS DUE TO WHAT ISOENZYME
BONE ALP
105
WHY IS THERE NO ALP INCREASE IN INHERITED HYPOPHOSPHATASIA
BONE ALP IS ABSENT
THERE IS IMPAIRED MINERALIZATION AND CALCIFICATION
Recall: Osteoblasts are one of the main sources of ALP
106
WHAT IS THE RATIONALE OF ALP BEING INCREASED IN CHILDREN
DUE TO THEIR EPIPHYSEAL PLATES BEING BROKEN DOWN
107
WITHIN HOW MANY DAYS DOES ALP RETURN TO NORMAL LEVELS IN A PREGNANT PERSON
6 DAYS AFTER LABOR
108
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF GGT
TRANSFERASES
109
EC CODE OF GGT
2.3.2.2
110
RECOMMENDED NAME OF GGT
GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRASNFERASE
111
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF GGT
5-GLUTAMYL PEPTODE AMINO ACID-5-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE
112
CHEMICAL REACTION OF GGT
GLUTATHIONE + AMINO ACID <—> GLUTAMYL — PEPTIDE + L-CYSETINGLYCINE
113
FUNCTIONS OF GGT
PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
REGULATION OF TISSUE GLUTATHIONE LEVELS
TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES
114
WHAT ENZYME IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REGULATION OF TISSUE GLUTATHIONE LEVELS
GGT
115
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF GGT
KIDNEY
116
MINOR (OTHER) TISSUE SOURCES OF GGT
LIVER — MOST PREDOMINANT IN SERUM
PROSTATE
PANCREAS — LEAST
117
IN WHAT SPECIFIC PART OF THE LIVER IS GGT PRESENT IN
EPITHELIAL LINING OF THE BILIARY DUCTULES
118
CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH GGT IS ELEVATED
HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS
ENZYME INDUCING DRUGS
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
PROSTATIC DISORDERS
DIABETES MELLITUS
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION — IF INCREASED AT THE 4TH DAY
119
WHAT ENZYMES INCREASE THE MOST DUE TO BILIARY DESTRUCTION
ALP
GGT
120
AMOUNT OF GGT INCREASE IN HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS
5-30X ULN
121
GGT ENZYME-INDUCTING DRUGS
WARFARIN
PHENOBARBITAL
PHENYTOIN
122
MOST SENSITIVE MARKER OF ALCOHOLISM
GGT
123
RATIONALE OF GGT INCREASING IN DIABETES MELLITUS
GGT CONCENTRATIONS ARE FOUND IN THE PANCREAS
THE PANCREAS CONTAINS BETA CELLS
BETA CELLS ARE DESTROYED DUE TO TISSUE DAMAGE
THERE WILL BE A RELEASE OF GGT
124
WHAT LEVEL OF GGT IS EXPECTED IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
NORMAL
125
WHEN IS GGT INCREASED IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND WHAT IS THE RESULTING CONDITION
INCREASED BEYOND THE 4TH DAY
LIVER DAMAGE SECONDARY TO CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY
126
[ELEVATION SUMMARY]
GGT AND ALP IN SKELETAL DISORDERS
GGT — NORMAL
ALP — INCREASED
127
[ELEVATION SUMMARY]
GGT AND ALP IN PREGNANCY
GGT — NORMAL
ALP — INCREASED
128
[ELEVATION SUMMARY]
GGT AND ALP IN HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE
GGT — INCREASED
ALP — INCREASED
129
[ELEVATION SUMMARY]
GGT AND ALP IN BONE FRACTURES
GGT — NORMAL
ALP — INCREASED
130
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS GGT NORMAL WHILE ALP IS INCREASED
SKELETAL DISORDERS
PREGNANCY
BONE FRACTURES
131
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION ARE BOTH GGT AND ALP INCREASED
HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES
132
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF NTP
HYDROLASE
133
EC CODE OF NTP
3.1.3.5
134
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF NTP
5’-RIBONUCLEOTIDE PHOPSPHOHYDROLASE
135
RECOMMENDED NAME OF NTP
5’ NUCLEOTIDASE
136
3-5X ULN ELEVATION OF NTP IS SEEN IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION
HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES
137
MODERATE ELEVATION OF NTP IS SEEN IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION
INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
138
TRUE OR FALSE
NTP INCREASES WHETHER THE CONDITION IS OF INTRA OR EXTRAHEPATOBILIARY ORIGIN
TRUE
139
IN WHAT CONDITION DOES ONLY ALP INCREASE
BONE DISORDERS
140
IN WHAT CONDITION DOES ALP AND NTP INCREASE
LIVER DISEASES
PREGNANCIES ***
141
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF GLD
OXIDOREDUCTASE
142
EC CODE OF GLD
1.4.1.3
143
RECOMMENDED NAME OF GLD
GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE
144
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF GLD
L-GLUTAMATE:NAD(P) OXIDOREDUCTASE, DEAMINASE
145
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCE OF GLD
LIVER
146
MODERATE SOURCES OF GLD
HEART MUSCLE
KIDNEYS
147
MINOR (LEAST) TISSUE SOURCE OF GLD
BRAIN
SKELETAL MUSCLE
LEUKOCYTES
148
GLD ELEVATION OF 4-5X ULN RESULTS IN WHAT CONDITION
CHRONIC HEPATITIS
149
GLD ELEVATION OF 2X ULN RESULTS IN WHAT CONDITION
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
150
GLD IS ELEVATED DUE TO WHAT DRUG
HALOTHANE
— AN INHALANT FOR GENERAL ANESTHESIA
151
WHAT ENZYMES INCREASE IN SEVERE LIVER CELL DAMAGE
AST
GGT
152
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF GST
TRANSFERASES
153
RECOMMENDED NAME OF GST
GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE
154
EC CODE OF GST
2.5.1.18
155
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF GST
GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE
156
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCES OF GST
ALPHA GST IS DISTRIBUTED IN THE LIVER ACINES
HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION — CHECK FOR REJECTION
157
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF CHE
HYDROLASES
158
EC CODE OF CHE
3.1.1.7
159
RECOMMENDED NAME OF CHE
CHOLINESTERASE
160
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF CHE
ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLHYDROLASE
161
EC CODE OF PSEUDO CHE
3.1.1.8
162
OTHER NAMES OF CHE
CHOLINESTERASE 1
TRUE CHOLINESTERASE
RED CELL CHOLINESTERASE
163
TISSUE SOURCES OF CHE
RBCS
LUNGS
SPLEEN
NERVE ENDINGS
GRAY MATTER OF THE BRAIN
164
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE S OF CHE
INHIBITION OF NEUROTRANSMISSION
DETECTION OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
165
WHAT ENZYME IS USED TO INHIBIT NEUROTRANSMISSION
CHE
166
WHAT IS THE CLINICAL CONDITION IN WHICH NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS CAUSE PROBLEMS WITH THE SPINE
SPINA BIFIDA
167
WHAT IS THE CLINICAL CONDITION IN WHICH NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS CAUSE PROBLEMS WITH THE BRAIN
ANENCEPHALY
168
SAMPLE USED TO TEST FOR NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
AMNIOTIC FLUID
169
OTHER NAMES OF PSEUDO CHE
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
SERUM CHOLINESTERASE
BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE
CHOLINESTERASE
170
TISSUE SOURCES OF PSEUDO CHE
LIVER
PANCREAS
HEART
WHITE MATTER OF THE BRAIN
SERUM
171
WHAT IS THE ONZLY ENZYME THAT DECREASES IN THE PRESENCE OF A DISORDER
PSEUDO CHE
172
ENZYME THAT IS A SENSITIVE INDICATOR OF LIVER SYNTHETIC CAPACTIY
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
173
ENZYME LEVELS OF PSEUDO CHE IN THE PRESENCE OF A DISORDER
DECREASED
174
A 30-50% DECREASE IN PSEUDO CHE IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION
ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS
175
A 50-70% DECREASE IN PSEUDO CHE IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION
METASTATIC CARCINOMA
CIRRHOSIS
176
CLINICAL CONDITION RELATED TO PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE AND EXPOSURE TO INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDE POISONING
ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING
177
CHEMICAL INVOLVED IN INSECTICIDE POISONING
ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING
178
INCREASE OF CHE IN PATIENTS LEAD TO WHT CLINICAL CONDITION
PROLONGED MUSCLE PARALYSIS
179
WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE KISSING DISEASE
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
180
HALLUCINATIONS DUE TO ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
DELIRIUM TREMENS
181
ENZYME USED TO STUDY LOW BONE MINERAL DISEASE
ALP
B1X
