LEC Metabolism intro + Glycolysis

Question 1

Sum of all biological reactions within a living organisms

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Provides nutrients and energy as well as other materials to sustain different life processes

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

2 different kinds of biochemical reactions

Answer 3

Catabolism and anabolism

Question 4

The breakdown of larger molecules into small ones

Answer 4

Catabolism

Question 5

Exothermic biochemical reaction

Answer 5

Catabolism

Question 6

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules

Answer 6

Anabolism

Question 7

Oxidative process that releases energy

Answer 7

Catabolism

Question 8

Reduction process that requires energy

Answer 8

Anabolism

Question 9

Endothermic biochemical reaction

Answer 9

Anabolism

Question 10

The loss of electron

Answer 10

Oxidation

Question 11

The substance that loses the electrons

Answer 11

Reducing agent

Question 12

The gain of electron

Answer 12

Reduction

Question 13

The substance that gains the electrons

Answer 13

Oxidizing agent

Question 14

Carbon in most reduced form

Answer 14

Alkane

Question 15

Carbon in most oxidized form

Answer 15

CO2

Question 16

Final product of catabolism

Answer 16

CO2

Question 17

Central theme in the metabolism of all organisms

Answer 17

Coupling of energy-producing and energy-requiring reactions

Question 18

T/F: energy can be used directly

Answer 18

F

Question 19

T/F: energy must be shuttled into easily accessible forms of chemical energy

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Bonds that require or release convenient amounts of energy, depending on the direction of the reaction

Answer 20

“high energy” bonds

Question 21

Essential high energy bond-containing compound

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

T/F: phosphorylation of ADP to ATP releases energy

Answer 22

F (it requires energy)

Question 23

T/F: hydrolysis of ATP to ADP requires energy

Answer 23

F (it releases energy)

Question 24

An important coenzyme that acts as a biological oxidizing agent

Answer 24

NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Question 25

Which portion of the NADH is involved in the reaction?

Answer 25

Nicotinamide portion

Question 26

Nicotinamide is a derivative of _____

Answer 26

Nicotinic acid

Question 27

NAD+ is a ___-electron oxidizing agent, and is ____ (oxidized or reduced) to NADH

Answer 27

two; reduced

Question 28

T/F: protons are accepted by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) but not electrons

Answer 28

F (both are accepted)

Question 29

First stage of glucose metabolism

Answer 29

Glycolysis

Question 30

Plays a key role in the energy extraction

Answer 30

Pyruvate

Question 31

Enumerate glycolysis

Answer 31

One glucose molecule >> fructose-1,6-biphosphate >> 2 molecules pyruvate

Question 32

3 fates of pyruvate

Answer 32

1. Anaerobic glycolysis 2. Aerobic oxidation 3. Anaerobic alcohol fermentation

Question 33

What does anaerobic glycolysis produce?

Answer 33

Lactate

Question 34

What does aerobic oxidation produce?

Answer 34

6 CO2 and 6 H2O

Question 35

What does anaerobic alcoholic fermentation produce?

Answer 35

2 CO2 and 2 Ethanol

Question 36

Enumerate the glycolytic pathway

Answer 36

1. Phosphorylation 2. Isomerization 3. Phosphorylation 4. Cleavage 5. Isomerization 6. Oxidation 7. Phosphate transfer 8. Isomerization 9. Dehydration 10. Phosphate transfer

Question 37

The step 1 in glycolytic pathway is phosphorylation of ____ to give _____

Answer 37

Glucose; glucose-6-phosphate

Question 38

The step 2 in glycolytic pathway is isomerization of ____ to give _____

Answer 38

Glucose-6-phosphate; fructose-6-phosphate

Question 39

The step 3 in glycolytic pathway is phosphorylation of ____ to give _____

Answer 39

Fructose-6-phosphate; fructose-1,6-biphosphate and ADP

Question 40

What is the committed step in glycolysis?

Answer 40

Step 3: Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate and ADP

Question 41

The step 4 in glycolytic pathway is cleavage of ____ to give _____

Answer 41

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 42

The step 5 in glycolytic pathway is isomerization of ____ to give _____

Answer 42

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 43

The step 6a in glycolytic pathway is oxidation of ____ to give _____

Answer 43

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 44

The reaction of oxidation in step 6 of glycolysis is catalyzed by _____

Answer 44

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 45

The step 6b in glycolytic pathway is _____ of ____ to give _____

Answer 45

Phosphorylation; 3-phosphoglycerate; 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 46

The step 7 in glycolytic pathway is phosphate transfer of ____ to give _____

Answer 46

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP; 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 47

The step 8 in glycolytic pathway is isomerization of ____ to give _____

Answer 47

3-phosphoglycerate; 2-phosphoglycerate

Question 48

The step 9 in glycolytic pathway is dehydration of ____ to give _____

Answer 48

2-phosphoglycerate; phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 49

The step 10 in glycolytic pathway is phosphate transfer of ____ to give _____

Answer 49

Phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP; pyruvate

Question 50

Glycolysis produces how many molecules of pyruvate, ATP, and NADH?

Answer 50

2 molecules of pyruvate 2 molecules ATP 2 molecules NADH

Question 51

The enzymes that catalyze the large decrease in free energy during glycolysis

Answer 51

Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate kinase

Question 52

The reactions catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase are sites of _____

Answer 52

Allosteric control

Question 53

In glycolysis, isozymes can undergo _____ modification as well as _____

Answer 53

Covalent; allosterically control glycolysis