[Lec] MU5.1: Systemic Mycoses Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
T/F:
Any fungus, in an immunocompromised host, has the potential to become invasive and disseminate to sites far removed from the portal of entry.
A
T
2
Q
T/F:
The teleomorph of H. capsulatum is named Ajellomyces dermatitidis.
A
F; Ajellomyces capsulatus
3
Q
T/F:
Histoplasmosis is also known as Spelunker’s Disease
A
T
4
Q
T/F:
People get paracoccidioidomycosis after breathing in the fungus Paracoccidioides from the environment in certain parts of Central and South America.
A
T
5
Q
T/F:
Vaccine is already available for Valley fever.
A
F;
there is no approved vaccine for Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis), although research is ongoing to develop one
6
Q
fungal infections of the which can overcome the physiological and cellular defenses of the normal human host
A
Systemic Mycoses
7
Q
Systemic Mycoses:
infection occurs by?
A
inhalation of airborne conidia
8
Q
Fungal infection of internal organs
A
Systemic Mycoses
9
Q
Agents of Systemic Mycoses
A
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis, C. posadasii)
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
10
Q
2 Coccidioides spp.
A
Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides posadasii
11
Q
Blastomycosis:
Causative agent
A
Blastomyces dermatitidis
12
Q
What disease:
a chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that is initiated in the lungs
A
Blastomycosis
13
Q
Blastomyces dermatitidis:
most prevalent in?
A
middle-aged men
14
Q
Blastomycosis:
symptoms are often similar to ____
A
flu
15
Q
T/F:
Blastomycosis’ pathogenesis includes fever, malaise, night sweats, cough, myalgias
A
T
16
Q
What disease:
when dissemination occurs, skin lesions on the exposed surfaces
A
Blastomycosis
17
Q
What disease:
when dissemination occurs, ulcerated granulomas with advancing border and central scarring
A
Blastomycosis
18
Q
What disease:
when dissemination occurs, border with abscesses and sharp, sloping edge
A
Blastomycosis
19
Q
Odd One Out:
Specimen for Blastomycosis
a. Sputum
b. Pus
c. Exudates
d. Blood
e. Urine
f. Biopsies from Lesion
A
d. Blood
20
Q
What disease:
Microscopic morphology:
round, multinucleated, budding cells with double refractile wall
A
Blastomycosis
21
Q
Blastomycosis:
Culture medium: cultivation in SDA
Morphology of colonies: ______
A
white or brownish colonies
22
Q
Blastomycosis:
Culture medium: cultivation in enriched BAP
Morphology of colonies: ______
A
wrinkled, waxy and soft colonies
23
Q
Blastomycosis:
2 Serological tests
A
CFT
immunodiffusion tests
24
Q
Blastomycosis:
3 Clinical Types
A
- Pulmonary
- Cutaneous
- Disseminated
25
Blastomycosis:
mold that produces ________ ________, released into air, enter lungs, transform into _________
fungal spores
yeast
26
T/F:
Blastomycosis occurs in certain humid, high-rainfall areas of Central and South America, particularly in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela
F; Paracoccidioidomycosis
27
T/F:
Blastomycosis, Cocciodioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis are contagious.
F; all are not contagious
(no person-to-person transmission)
28
T/F:
Blastomycosis, Cocciodioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis cannot be acquired by pets.
F; all can be acquired by pets
29
T/F:
Blastomycosis can be prevented by reduced exposure to high-risk environments, use of protective gear, and limiting pets’ access to contaminated areas.
T
30
Blastomycosis:
Treatment
Amphotericin B
Itraconazole
31
Coccidioidomycosis:
also known as?
Valley fever or San Joaquin Valley fever
32
Coccidioidomycosis:
Causative agents
Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides posadasii
33
What species:
probably the most virulent of all human mycotic agents
Coccidioides spp.
34
What species:
causes Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioides spp.
35
What species:
asymptomatic pulmonary disease and allergic manifestations
Coccidioides spp.
36
T/F:
Coccidioides spp: primary disease usually resolves with therapy and confers a weak specific immunity to reinfection.
F;
resolves WITHOUT therapy
confers a STRONG specific immunity
37
T/F:
In Coccidioidomycosis, infection is self-limited.
T
38
T/F:
In Coccidioidomycosis, dissemination is rare but maybe fatal.
T
39
T/F:
In Coccidioidomycosis, patients with primary infection are symptomatic.
F;
asymptomatic
40
Odd One Out:
Coccidioidomycosis' signs and symptoms
a. myalgia
b. fever
c. malaise
d. cough
e. headache
a. myalgia
41
Coccidioidomycosis:
Late-stage patient forms a hypersensitivity reaction
in the form of __________ or __________
erythema nodosum
erythema multiforme (rashes)
42
What disease:
Many develop influenza-like fever
Coccidioidomycosis
43
What disease:
clinical features include allergic manifestations
Coccidioidomycosis
44
What disease:
< 1% develop chronic progression disseminated disease
Coccidioidomycosis
45
What disease:
Clinical features include:
skin: granuloma, cold abscess
Coccidioidomycosis
46
What disease:
Clinical features include:
osteomyelitis & synovitis
Coccidioidomycosis
47
What disease:
Clinical features include:
CNS (meningitis)
Coccidioidomycosis
48
Odd One Out:
Specimen for Blastomycosis
a. Sputum
b. Blood
c. Pus
d. CSF
e. Tissue Biopsy Material
b. Blood
49
What disease:
mold with septate hyphae
Coccidioidomycosis
50
Coccidioidomycosis:
septate hyphae fragment into ________, inhaled and become _________
arthroconidia
spherules
51
Coccidioidomycosis:
spherules contain _________ which disseminate within surrounding tissues and develop into new spherules
endospores
52
What disease:
Microscopic morphology:
spherule with thick, double refractile wall and endospores form within the spherule and fill it
Coccidioidomycosis
53
Coccidioidomycosis:
Culture medium: cultivation in SDA
Morphology of colonies: ______
white to tan colony
54
Coccidioidomycosis:
2 Serological tests
immunodiffusion
latex agglutination test
55
T/F:
Higher risk of acquiring Valley fever depends on geographic location, immunocompromised status, age, and occupation.
T
56
T/F:
If you had Valley fever before, you can acquire it again.
T; previous infection does not guarantee immunity against future infections
57
T/F:
Histoplasmosis can be prevented by avoiding dust exposure and use protective measures in endemic areas.
T
58
T/F:
There is a vaccine for valley fever.
F; no vaccine
59
Valley Fever:
Treatment
Amphotericin B
Itraconazole
60
Histoplasmosis:
causative agent
Histoplasma capsulatum
61
What disease:
an intracellular infection of the reticuloendothelial system caused by the inhalation of the fungus
Histoplasmosis
62
What species:
present in soil, rotting areas and in feces of chicken, bats, other birds (high Nitrogen content)
Histoplasma capsulatum
63
What species:
endemic in parts of the USA
Histoplasma capsulatum
64
Histoplasma capsulatum:
first described by?
Samuel Darling
65
What disease:
an intracellular mycosis of the reticulo-endothelial system
Histoplasmosis
66
T/F:
Histoplasmosis is self-limited
T
67
Odd One Out:
Histoplasmosis signs and symptoms:
a. fever
b. chills
c. rash
d. myalgias
e. headaches
f. non- productive cough
c. rash
68
What disease:
severe disseminated ___________ -> RES involved, with lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, liver, high fever, anemia
Histoplasmosis
69
Odd One Out:
Specimens of Histoplasmosis:
a. Plasma/ Serum
b. Sputum
c. Urine
d. Scrappings from lesions
e. Bone Marrow biopsy
f. Skin
g. Lymph node
a. Plasma/ Serum
70
What species:
small, ovoid cells intracellularly in histologic section stained with Gomori methanamine silver or Giemsa stain
Histoplasma capsulatum
71
Histoplasma capsulatum:
stains
Gomori methanamine silver or Giemsa stain
72
Histoplasma capsulatum:
Cultivation in SDA
Colony morphology: ___________
white to tan cottony colonies
73
Histoplasma capsulatum:
Serological tests
latex agglutination
precipitation
immunodiffusion test
74
Choose 2: Histoplasmosis
a. persistent
b. limited
c. symptomatic
d. asymptomatic
Histoplasmosis
b. limited
d. asymptomatic
75
What disease:
acute pulmonary disease,
reactivation occurs
Histoplasmosis
76
What disease:
Chronic pulmonary ________ in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Histoplasmosis
77
What disease:
Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous
Histoplasmosis
78
What disease:
Mold with aerial hyphae
Histoplasmosis
79
What disease:
The hyphae produce macroconidia and microconidia
Histoplasmosis
80
T/F:
Individuals with weakened immune systems acquire histoplasmosis
T
81
T/F:
If you had histoplasmosis, you can get it again.
T; reinfection can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
82
T/F:
Pets can acquire histoplasmosis.
T; While it is rare, pets, particularly dogs, can become infected
83
T/F:
Histoplasmosis can be prevented by avoiding high-risk areas, protective equipment, good hygiene practices
T
84
Histoplasmosis:
treatment
Itraconazole
85
Paracoccidioidomycosis:
causative agent
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
86
What disease:
a chronic progressive fungal disease endemic to Central and South America
Paracoccidioidomycosis
87
What species:
geographic areas of highest incidence are typically humid, high-rainfall areas, with acidic soil conditions
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
88
What species:
the organism produces multiple blastoconidia from a single cell
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
89
What species:
signs and symptoms include oral mucous membrane lesion
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
90
What species:
dissemination to spleen, liver, mucous membrane and skin
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
91
Odd One Out:
Specimens for Paracoccidioidomycosis
a. Sputum
b. Blood
c. Exudates
d. Material from Lesion
b. Blood
92
What species:
thick-walled yeast cell with multiple buds
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
93
Paracoccidioidomycosis:
serological tests
CFT
Immunodiffusion test
94
What disease:
usually unapparent and asymptomatic acute or chronic, granulomatous infection
Paracoccidioidomycosis
95
Paracoccidioidomycosis:
primarily of what organ?
lungs
96
T/F:
Paracoccidioidomycosis disseminates to skin, mucosa, lymph nodes and other internal organs.
T
97
T/F:
People exposed to moist, wounded environments in endemic regions, particularly middle-aged men, outdoor workers, and immunocompromised individuals have a higher risk of acquiring Paracoccidioidomycosis.
F; Blastomycosis
98
T/F:
Paracoccidioidomycosis can be prevented by avoiding high risk areas, wearing PPE, education and awareness, and health monitoring.
T
99
T/F:
Sources of Paracoccidioidomycosis include environmental sources, soil, animal reservoir, fecal matter
T
100
Paracoccidioidomycosis:
Treatment
Itraconazole
Amphotericin B
SXT
Ketoconazole
101
What disease:
Mycotic agent is usually recovered from soil that contains bird or bat droppings.
Histoplasmosis
102
What disease:
North America Blastomycosis is also known as?
Gilchrist disease
103
What species:
Teleomorphic state of H. capsulatum
Ajellomyces capsulatus
104
What disease:
Mycotic agent reside in a narrow ecologic niche known as the Lower Sonoran life zone
Coccidioidomycosis
