LEC review: blood collection equipment Flashcards by Giullian Gador's school drive

The primary duty of the phlebotomist is not to collect blood specimens for laboratory testing

true or false

false

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incomplete equipment ensures orderly collection of blood samples for testing

true or false

false

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area of a medical laboratory or clinic equipped for performing phlebotomy procedures on patients

Blood-Drawing Station

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Phlebotomy Chairs should be comfortable for the patient and have adjustable armrests to achieve

proper positioning

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equipment carrier used for “stat” or emergency situations

handheld carrirer

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equipment carrier used for early-morning extractions which is potential for nosocomial infections

phlebotomy cart

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prevent or inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms but do not necessarily kill them

antiseptic

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most common antiseptic

70% isopropanol

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antiseptic used for a higher degree

of antisepsis

povidone-iodine

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which Antispetic is not used in Blood Collection:
 70% Ethanol
 70% Isopropanol
 Benzalkonium chloride
 saline solution
 Chlorhexidine gluconate
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Povidone-iodine
 Tincture of iodine

saline solution

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are chemical substances or solutions that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments

disinfectant

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most common disinfectant

sodium hypochlorite

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fresh bleach solution should be made daily or as needed

true or false

true

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are used to hold pressure over the site following blood collection procedure

Gauze pads / Cotton balls

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are used to cover a blood collection site after the bleeding has stopped

bandages

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Must be rigid, puncture-resistant, leakproof, and disposable and have locking lids

Sharps disposal containers

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Sharps containers can be overfilled

true or false

false

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are leakproof plastic bags that are commonly used to transport blood and other specimens from the collection site to the laboratory

Biohazard Bags

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are used to make blood films for hematology determinations

glass microscope slides

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make it easier to locate veins that are difficult to see or feel

Transillumination devices

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applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to restrict blood flow

Tourniquet

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Restriction of venous flow distends or inflates the veins,
making them larger and easier to find, and stretches the vein
walls so they are thinner and easier to pierce with a needle

tourniquet applied can be longer than 1 min

first is true, second is false

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blood pressure cuff should not be used in place of a tourniquet

true or false

false

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are sterile, disposable, and designed for a single use only

needles

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3 types of needles:

- Hypodermic - Multisample - Winged infusion (butterfly)

is indicated by a number that is related to the diameter of the lumen

Needle Gauge

considered the standard for most routine adult antecubital venipuncture

21-gauge needle

A needle’s diameter and gauge have an ________ relationship

inverse

must provide immediate permanent containment and be activated using one hand

needle safety feature

3 examples of needle safety feature:

sliding sheath hinged arm / snap down retracting needle

closed system

ETS

basic system of ETS:

needle, tube holder, evacuated tubes

is a clear, plastic, disposable cylinder with 2 openings - Small threaded opening: for needle - Large opening: for tubes

tube holder

are used with both the ETS and the syringe method volume range: 1.8 to 15 mL

evacuated tubes

negative pressure of evacuated tubes

vacuum

A tube that has prematurely lost all or part of its vacuum will properly fill with blood true or false

false

premature loss of vacuum except: 1. Improper storage 2. Dropping the tube 3. improper storage angle of tube 4. Advancing the tube too far onto the needle before venipuncture 5. The bevel becomes partially out of the skin during venipuncture

3. improper storage angle of tube

reasons for short draw except: 1. Premature loss of vacuum 2. improper tube selection 3. Removing the tube prior vacuum exhaustion 4. Stoppage of blood flow during blood draw

2. improper tube selection

any substance placed within a tube other than the tube stopper

tube additive

clot activator yields

serum

prevent clotting yields

whole blood specimen

tubes used for clearing or discard purposes

non additve tubes - yields serum samples

used for patients with small or difficult veins

syringe system

rod-like device that fits tightly into the barrel

plunger

For small or difficult veins (hand veins) Allows more flexibility and precision

butterfly/winged infusion set

most common anticoagulant prevents

clotting

2 methods of anticoagulation

(1) chelating/binding | (2) precipitating calcium

- commonly available as a powdered di-potassium (K2) or liquid tri-potassium (K3) salt - prevents coagulation by binding or chelating calcium - for hematology; preserve cell morphology - inhibit platelet aggregation - invert 8 - 10 times

EDTA - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

- Used for coagulation tests - 9:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant - invert 3-4 - binding or chelating calcium

citrate

- prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin formation | - For some chemistry tests

heparin

3 forms of heparin:

ammonium lithium (least interference) sodium

- prevent coagulation by precipitating calcium - contain glucose preservatives - Inversions: 8 to 10

oxalate

- For immunohematology tests - Binds calcium - Yellow-topped - Inversions: 8

Acid Citrate Dextrose

- For blood transfusion | - Chelates calcium

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose

- Binds calcium - For blood culture - Yellow-topped - Inversions: 8

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate

- Antiglycotic agent - Used for ethanol specimens - Gray-topped - Inversions: 5 to 10

Sodium Fluoride

is a substance that enhances coagulation in tubes used to collect serum specimens

Clot Activator - silica (glass) or celite (inert clay)

- an inert (nonreacting) synthetic substance initially contained in or near the bottom of certain blood collection tubes - prevents the cells from continuing to metabolize substances such as glucose

Thixotropic Gel

ORDER OF DRAW

stop light red stay put green light go sterile, light blue, red, SST, PST, green, lavender, gray boys like ravishing girls like dieticians love greek yougurt blood culture, light blue, gold, light green, dark green, lavender, grey, yellow

Filling tubes in the wrong order can lead to interference in testing from cross contamination of the specimen by additive carryover, tissue thromboplastin, or microorganisms true or false

true

- transfer of additive from one tube to the next - occurs by: when blood in an additive tube touches the needle during ETS blood collection or when blood is transferred from a syringe into ETS tubes

Carryover/Cross-Contamination

LEC review: blood collection equipment Flashcards

(61 cards)