[LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS

Question 1

Recipient of blood taken from 3 young men in 1492

Answer 1

Pope Innocent VII

Question 2

T or F: Pope Innocent VII died after his blood transfusion, along with the 3 men who gave him blood

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Recommended sodium phosphate in 1869

Answer 3

Braxton Hicks

Question 4

What did Karl Landsteiner discover in 1901?

Answer 4

ABO blood groups

Question 5

Carried out vein-to-vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes and a special cannula

Answer 5

Edward E. Lindemann

Question 6

Designed his syringe-valve apparatus that transfusions from donor to patient by an unassisted physician became practical

Answer 6

Unger

Question 7

Reported the use of sodium citrate in 1914

Answer 7

Hustin

Question 8

T or F: Lindemann determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation and demonstrated its nontoxicity in small amounts

Answer 8

F

Lewisohn

Question 9

They introduced citrate-dextrose solution in 1916

Answer 9

Rous and Turner

Question 10

T or F: The function of glucose in RBC metabolism was not understood until the 1930s

Answer 10

T

Question 11

In Feb 1941, ______________ was appointed director of the first American Red Cross blood bank at __________ Hospital.

Answer 11

Dr. Charles Drew ; Presbyterian

Question 12

They introduced the formula for the preservative acid-citrate dextrose or ACD in 1943

Answer 12

Loutit and Mollison

Question 13

When was the Journal of Clinical Investigation published?

Answer 13

July 1947

Question 14

introduced an improved preservative solution called citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) in 1957

Answer 14

Gibson

Question 15

A citizen seeking spiritual rebirth descended into a pit, or fossa sanguinis

Answer 15

Taurobolium

Question 16

T or F: Egyptians bathed in blood to revive dead cells in their body

Answer 16

F

to resuscitate the sick and rejuvenate the old

Question 17

Performed the first successful animal to animal transfusion using dogs in 1666

Answer 17

Richard Lower

Question 18

The first documented animal to man transfusion was done in 1667 by ___________

Answer 18

Jean-Baptiste Denis

Question 19

T or F: Jean-Baptiste Denis successfully transfused ox blood into a 15 y/o boy with long-standing fever

Answer 19

F

sheep blood

Question 20

Name of the first man to receive blood from sheep in 1667

Answer 20

Arthur Coga

Question 21

_______’s Impellor

Answer 21

Blundell

Question 22

_______’s Gravitator

Answer 22

Blundell

Question 23

two-pieced cannula of _______

Answer 23

Bernheim

Question 24

Foreign molecules that bind specifically to an antibody or a T-cell receptor

Answer 24

Antigen

Question 25

antigen in its role of eliciting an immune response

Answer 25

Immunogen

Question 26

glycoprotein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a particular epitope on an antigen and facilitates clearance of that antigen

Answer 26

Antibody

Question 27

What are the regions of an immunoglobulin?

Answer 27

Fc and Fab regions

Question 28

T or F: IgG has a J chain

Answer 28

F

Question 29

T or F: The clearance of RBC in IgM is intravascular.

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Predominant Ab produced in the secondary response

Answer 30

IgG

Question 31

Capable of destroying transfused antigen-positive RBCs

Answer 31

IgG

Question 32

Most commonly encountered naturally occurring Ab (ABO system)

Answer 32

IgM

Question 33

IgM reacts at what temperature?

Answer 33

ambient temperature (22-24C)

Question 34

Produced in response to commonly occurring antigens

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

T or F: IgM can interfere with detecting IgG by masking their reactivity

Answer 35

T

Question 36

IgM can exist in _______ or ________ form with J chain

Answer 36

monomeric ; pentameric

Question 37

Exist as monomer, dimer or trimer joined by J chain

Answer 37

IgA

Question 38

30% of anti-A and anti-B are

Answer 38

IgA Abs

Question 39

May cause severe anaphylaxis if transfused in IgA-deficient patients and can increase the effect of IgG-induced RBC hemolysis

Answer 39

igA

Question 40

IgE can cause urticaria if transfused in patients with severe allergic reactions due to release of

Answer 40

histamines

Question 41

Antibodies derived from more than one antibody-producing parent cell

Answer 41

Polyclonal

Question 42

Antibodies derived from a single ancestral antibody-producing parent cell

Answer 42

Monoclonal

Question 43

Preferred in testing due to its high specificity (polyclonal or monoclonal)

Answer 43

Monoclonal