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Regualtion Of Gene Expression > Lec1/2: Transcriptional Control > Flashcards

Lec1/2: Transcriptional Control Flashcards

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1
Q

what is RNA pol 1 used for?

A

Ribosomal RNA genes

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2
Q

What is RNA pol 2 used for?

A

Protein coding genes, miRNAs and non-coding RNAs

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3
Q

What is RNA pol 3 used for?

A

tRNAs

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4
Q

Where is an enhancer located?

A

-1000bp

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5
Q

Where are Upstream Sequence elements (USE) located?

A

-100bp

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6
Q

Where is TATA box located?

A

-30bp (-28,-32)

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7
Q

Where are initiator elements located?

A

+1bp

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8
Q

What are initiator elements?

A

Adenine base flanked by pyrimidine sequence. (YYANYAYY)

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9
Q

What happens at the TATA box?

A

Where RNA pol 2 interacts but through proteins not directly

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10
Q

How is an initiator complex assembled?

A

-TF2D binds TATA box (90 degree angle in DNA
-TF2D bound by TF2A
-TF2B also binds TF2D
-RNA pol 2 recruited and comes with TF2F attached
-TF2E and TF2H bind as well

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11
Q

What is TF2D?

A

TATA binding protein (TBP)

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12
Q

What is TF2A function?

A

Stabilises TF2D and DNA interaction

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13
Q

What is TF2B function?

A

To recruit RNA pol2

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14
Q

What is TF2E function?

A

Functions as an ATPase to supply energy

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15
Q

What is TF2H function?

A

Helicase

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16
Q

What is TF2F function?

A

Comes prebound to RNA pol2

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17
Q

What is the pre-initiaton-complex (PIC) made up from?

A

TF2A,B,D,E,F,H and RNA pol2

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18
Q

What is difference with TATA less promoters?

A

They have DPE (downstream promoter elements) instead of TATA box but also still has initiator sequence

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19
Q

What is DPE downstream promoter elements sequence and where is it located?

A

AGAC (+28-+32)

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20
Q

What Transcription factor changes in TATA less promotion?

A

They use TF2I instead of TF2D

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21
Q

What is focused transcription initiation?

A

Focused is usually highly conserved genes that have a TATA box

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22
Q

What is dispersed transcription initiaton?

A

Dispersed usually has DPE (downstream promoter elements) and are constitutively conserved.

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23
Q

What are the two types of transcription iniitiation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dispersed and focused

24
Q

What has a large effect on the level of transcriptional control?

Study These Flashcards
A

Transcription factors that bind upstream of TATA/INR

25
What types of TFs are there?
-confer general transcription -confer tissue specific transcription -confer inducible transcription
26
Example of TFs that confer general transcription?
SP1
27
Example of TFs that confer tissue specific transcription?
MyoD and Oct-2
28
Example of TFs that confer inducible transcription?
CREB and Esteogen receptor
29
What are enhancers?
Where TFs bind to. activate transcription can be placed 1000sbp away its orientation doesn’t matter and can be up or downstream
30
How do enhancers work?
They form a loop brining the Transcription factor to the pre-initiation complex.
31
What are silencers?
Area of genetic code that Can act 1000s if base pairs away and loop to Pre-initiation complex but repress expression all control.
32
What are insulators?
Molecules that control the activity of enhancers and silencers
33
How do insulators control expression?
By blocking interaction between enhancers,silencers and PIC
34
Where are insulators located?
Between enhancers/silencers and their promoters
35
Where are insulators found?
Between silencer/enhancers and promoters
36
What makes up LCR?
Made of enhancers and silencers and promoters
37
What is the LCR?
Locus control region
38
What does TAD stand for?
Topologically associated domain
39
What are TADs?
Large multi component domains that facilitate long range interactions. Allow for control of gene expression by restricting chromatin reactions
40
What does LADs stand for?
Lamellar associated domain
41
What are LADs?
Areas of DNA consisting of transcription ally silent chromatin enriched with lys27 on histone H3
42
What happens to if TADs are disrupted?
Result in altered gene expression and can cause genetic disease or cancer.
43
What’s the structure of a TF?
A modular structure
44
What is a modular structure?
This means all AAs involved in binding are in one place.
45
What is a homeodomain?
-transcription factor binding domain -60 residue, 3 helix domain. Helices 2 and 3 form helix-turn motif.
46
What are zinc fingers?
-transcription factor binding domain -motif that uses 2x cystine and 2x histidine to hold the zinc forming finger like domain
47
Where do you u find homeodomains?
Tend to be found in development control genes for example HOX genes
48
Where do you find zinc finger domains?
Found in the major groove of DNA, usually used by steroid hormone receptors to bind DNA.
49
Give an example of basic binding domain?
Leucine zipper
50
What are leucine zippers?
-transcription factor binding domain -basic basic being domains -alpha helix with leucine residue every 7 residues
51
What’s the structure of leucine zippers?
-They are dimers -3 types of monomers allowing for 6 different dimer combinations
52
What are activation domains?
Domains that bind and work through interaction with the PIC. Can work through mediators after PIC binding
53
What are the 3 methods of inhibitory transcription domains?
-competition -quenching -recruitment of co-repressors
54
How do competitive TFs work?
Through competition of repressor and activator proteins
55
How does quenching inhibition work?
Type 1: repressor binds and blocks DNA binding region of an activator Type2: Repressor binds to and blocks activation domain of an activator
56
Examples of co-repressors inhibitory TFs recruit?
Mad recruits NCoR + Sin3A
57
Wha ya the key role of TFs?
-Regulate differentiation and tissue specific gene expression -for example MyoD in muscle cells

Regualtion Of Gene Expression (2 decks)

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