Lec1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
book that describes materials used in medical practice
pharmacopeial compendium
who wrote first european pharmacopeial compendium describing beliefs and practices of ancient engyptian medicine in 1550s
Ebers Papyrus
who described the death of socrates from poison hemlock in 350 - i.e. described toxicities of botanical materials
plato
what did these toxic plants contain
coniine
who in 1st century AD wrote 5-volume de materia medica (pharmacopeia describing therapeutic substances used for 1500 years)
dioscorides
what is the source of morphine and other alkoloids
opium poppy
who was the father of modern medicine
hippocrates
what is the humoral theory of diseases
relationship bn humours, elements, qualities, temperaments and organs that they’re associated with that explains cause of disease from an imbalance in humours
what are humours
blood
phlegm
yellow bile
black bile
who introduced the humoral therory of disease and who expanded it
hippocrates 5th c BC then Galen 2nd c AD
who linked humours to elements
galen
who proposed the solidist theory (doesnt reject humoral but realized something else was important)
hoffman
what did the 18th c solidist theory of disease do
rationalize drug treatment based on sedative bs stimulant properties
what are the 5 european advances in the 16th c
apothecaries for drug formulation pharmacopeias dose-dependence of drug effects paracelsus contributions (physician) alternatives to humoral theory
how are homeopathy and galens idea different
homeopathy - use drug that causes symptoms like those observed w the disease
galen counteracted the imbalances of the disease with drugs
who founded homeopathy in 1700s
hahneman
who had a theory of miasms as cause of disease
hahneman
benefit of homeopathies?
didnt cause side effects like blood-letting, purging, blistering bc it was basically a placebo
how was homeopathy basically a placebo
bc used a dilute drug solution many-fold prior to administration
late 18th c originated clinical pharm where
administered drugs to groups of human subjects and documented the effects
what did william withering, MD study
the differing formulations of foxglove for dropsy (heart failure)
who’s clinical trial was considered the first bc it was published
william withering
who studed the efficacy of 6-acid containing substances on recovery from scurvy in british naval seamen
james lind
what helped recovery from scurvy
citrus fruit like lime (ascorbic acid)
