lec1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Living things are recognised by
what they do
Living things have several cellular components and activities in common
(DNA, RNA, lipid, protein, carbohydrates, metabolism).
Living things:
•Have order •Adapt to their environment •Respond to their environment •Regulate their cellular and body processes •Grow and develop •Reproduce
biological hierarchy
organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.
DNA =
deoxyribonucleuic acid
• DNA constitutes the
heritable information molecule in cells.
• Genes are encoded on
DNA.
• Genes encode .
proteins.
• Expression and activity of the proteins in your cells will direct your
appearance and your behaviour. This is the same for all organisms
inheritance
DNA transmission
transcription
To get from gene to protein, the cell produces an intermediate molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) in a process called Taking dna and copying it to make rna
translation.
The cell then uses this mRNA to produce a protein in a process called Taking mrna turning into protein Done by ribosome
similarities and differences we see here between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
There is retention of the basic process of protein production, BUT There are differences in cellular organisation at both the micro and macro scale.
Eukaryotic cells have an
internal membrane structure that separates and forms their organelles.
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bounded organelles like
mitochondria, choloroplasts, an endoplasmic reticulum, or a nucleus
More than 4 nucleotides make up
genetic code
Euk cell dna
inside nuc
Pro free
roaming dna not held inside nuclear memb
Bacterial cell has
cellular memb
dna euk
Dna-premrna Rna processed premrna-trna 1 gene=multiple proteins in euk Splicing Translation More complex in euk cell Basic functional part of most processes same
Small,
no organelles.
Naked DNA in the cytoplasm.
Large, complex internal structure, with organelles and a membrane-bounded nucleus containing DNA
