Lec3-The Animal Cell

Question 1

Houses the genetic material and various substances

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Synthesis of Lipids
•Detoxification
•lack of bounded polybosomes
•Cisternae- tubular or saclike

Answer 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 3

Protein synthesis
•Consists of saclike and parallel stacks of flattened cisternae
•Proteins secreted via exocytosis

Answer 3

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

Major site for vital cellular activities
1 Synthesis
2 Transport
3 Storage
4 Detoxification

Answer 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 5

The site of protein synthesis
• Free macromolecules within cytoplasm or ribosome RER
2 subunits
Large- entry of tRNA
Small- holds the mRNA

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

•Highway of the cell
•Gelatinous structure
•Protects the organelles from damage

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

The powerhouse of the cell
• Energy production of the cell in form of ATP

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

Protects the cell from damaging agents
•Carry-out oxidative reactions using oxygen in the cell

Answer 8

Peroxisomes

Question 9

Spherical membrane
• Helps in the digestion and excretion of materials in the cell

Answer 9

Lysosome

Question 10

Functions for storing, packaging and transporting particles needed by the cell

Answer 10

Golgi Apparatus

Question 11

Semipermeable membrane
•Layer of protein and lipids
•Regulates entry and exit in the cell
•Known as the gate of the cell

Answer 11

Cell Membrane

Question 12

Molecule that carries the genetic material

Answer 12

Nucleic Acids
DNA/Chromatin

Question 13

•Important in cell division
•Production of spindle fibers

Answer 13

Centrosome/Centrioles

Question 14

Maintains the shape of the cell and internal organization

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton

Question 15

Two sides of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 15

Cis Face- receiving part
Trans Face- shipping part

Question 16

Condensing vesicles in the golgi apparatus that store product until release

Answer 16

Secretory Granules

Question 17

Secretory Granules
Mode of Release

Answer 17

• Metabolic
• Hormonal
• Neural Message

Question 18

Site of intracellular digestion and turnover of cellular components
•contains 40 dif hydrolytic enzymes and cells with phagocytic activity

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

Which the cell uses lysosomes to dispose excess or nonfunctioning organelles or membranes

Answer 19

Autophagy

Question 20

Function to degrade denatured or nonfunctional polypeptides
• Remove proteins no longer needed by the cell

Answer 20

Proteasomes

Question 21

Part of Mitochondria
• site of cellular respiration

Answer 21

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 22

Part of Mitochondria
• folds inside the organelle
•more folds = more energy needs
= site for ATP production

Answer 22

Cristae

Question 23

Part of Mitochondria
• presence of porins

Answer 23

Outer Membrane

Question 24

Part of Mitochondria
• maintains the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 24

Inner Membrane

Question 25

Complex array of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

Answer 25

Cytoskeleton

Question 26

Cytoskeleton Part • Organizing center for mitotic spindle • Maintain cell shape and polarity • Provide tracks for ogranelle and chromosome movement • Move cilia and flagella

Answer 26

Microtubules

Question 27

Microtubules subunit:

Answer 27

Heterodimers of Alpha and Beta Tubulin

Question 28

Part of Cytoskeleton •Contract and move cells and change cell shape •Assembly of actin filaments •Interaction with myosin •Movements: cytokinesis, cytoplasmic streaming and transport

Answer 28

Microfilaments

Question 29

Microfilaments subunit:

Answer 29

G-actin monomers

Question 30

Part of Cytoskeleton • Strengthen cell and tissue structure • Maintain nuclear shape (lamins) Examples: Keratin and Vimentin

Answer 30

Intermediate Filaments

Question 31

• Cytokeratin • Acidic and basic isoforms that compose of heterodimer subunits of intermediate filaments in all epithelial cells • Keratinization

Answer 31

Keratin

Question 32

•Class III intermediate filament • Embryonic mesenchyme • Desmin - found in muscles

Answer 32

Vimentin

Question 33

Intermediate Filaments subunits:

Answer 33

Antiparallel tetramers of 2 rod-like dimers

Question 34

Accumulated metabolites or other substance in cytoplasm •little to no metabolic activity •Lipid Droplets- lipids •Glycogen Granules- carbohydrates •Pigment Deposits- melanin, lipofuscin, hemosiderin

Answer 34

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

Question 35

Outermost membrane of every eukaryotic cell •Phospolipids, cholesterol, proteins, oligosaccharide •as physical barrier •selective permeability •electrochemical gradient •communication

Answer 35

Plasma Membrane

Question 36

Model that emphasizes that the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane also contains proteins inserted in it or associated with its surface

Answer 36

Fluid Mosaic Model