Lec36 Viral Vaccines Part 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
How efficacious are viral MMR and polio vaccines?
> 99% reduction in yearly morbidity
Antiv
antiviral –> humoral immunity
What are two principal mech of specific antiviral immunity?
- humoral: neutralize by specific antibodies made by B cells with help from CD4 against viral proteins [prevents or limits infection of host cells]
- cell mediated: target virus-infected host cells by cytotoxic T cells [CD8] specific for immunogenic viral peptide [eliminates infected host cells, resolves infection]
Which types of vaccines initiate cell mediated [CD8] immune response?
- live only
Which type of vaccines initiate humoral [CD4/antibody] immune response?
- live
- killed
- protein subunit
What type of vaccine is Hep B vaccine?
protein subunit vaccine [recombinant]
What type of vaccine is hep A vaccine?
inactivated whole virus
What type of vaccine is polio? How is it administered?
- in US: inactivated whole virus [IM]
- in developing countries/some of europe its live attenuated [oral]
What type of vaccine is rotavirus? How is it administered
oral virus
either:
1. live pentavalent human-bovine reassortment rotavirus
2. live human attenuated
What type of vaccine is MMR? how is it administered?
- all live attenuated
- give IM
What type of vaccine is influenza?
two types
- inactivated whole virus [IM}
- live attenuated/cold adapted [intranasal]
What type of vaccine is HPV?
- reassembled virus-like particles [look like whole virus but don’t contain nucleic acid or genome DNA, made of combined protein subunits]
What is benefit of live polio vaccine [OPV] vs inactivated PV?
- provides intestinal immunity [prevent shedding of polio in stool and other secretions]
- prevents secondary spread of vaccine to unprotected contacts
What is influenza vaccine composed of?
- inrfluenza undergoes antigenic drift and sometimes shift –> yearly repeat doses required for optimal immunity
- composed of 2 prevalent strains of influenza A [one H1N1 and one H3N2] and the single most prevalent strain of influenza B isolated during the previous year
What are properties of measles vaccine? Who should get it?
- vaccinate at 1 yr then booster at 4-6 yrs
- live vaccine that temporarily suppresses CMI [cell mediated immunity] –> so don’t test someone for tuberculin reactivity within 6 wks of vaccine
- pre-existing antibody interferes with immune response to vaccine [ie maternal antibodies in infants, intravenous Ig]
What are properties of rubella vaccine?
- live vaccine
- don’t give during pregnancy due to concern for congenital rubella
What are properties of mumps vaccine? How effective?
- live vaccine
- highly effective
- recent cases have occurred in vaccinees
What are the properties of varicella vaccine? side effect?
- live vaccine
- may produce mild vaccine-associated disease
- give higher dose to vaccinate against zoster for > 60 y.o.
Who should not get live vaccines?
- patients with defective CMI because may cause illness
What are properties of HPV vaccine?
- composed of reassembled virus-like particle
- 2 versions
What types of HPV does HPV4 cover? HPV2?
HPV4 covers types 6, 1, 16, 18
HPV2 covers 16,18 only
What diseases associate with types 6 and 11 HPV?
- papillomatosis [genital warts] including respiratory papillomatosis in infants
What types of HPV cause genital warts?
types 6 and 11
What diseases associated with types 16 and 18 HPV?
cervical cancer
