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Question 1

Thermodynamics science dealing with
_______,________,________.

Answer 1

heat, work and energy

Question 2

Thermodynamics is an experimental science concerned with the study of everything related to______________ and_________________.

Answer 2

temperature

thermal energy

Question 3

Thermodynamics is used in many branches of science such as…………

Answer 3

medicine, pharmacy, physics, chemistry and engineering applications

Question 4

0th Law ⇒ Defines……
1 st Law ⇒ Defines……
2nd Law ⇒ Defines……
3rd Law ⇒ Gives Numerical Value to……

Answer 4

Temperature (T)

Energy (U or E)

Entropy (S)

Entropy

Question 5

system………

Answer 5

is the specific part of the material to which the study is directed

Question 6

Surrounding is …………

Answer 6

is the part that surrounds the system and exchanges energy or matter with it

Question 7

The universe is…………

Answer 7

is both the system and the surrounding

Question 8

A state function is……

Answer 8

is a property whose value does not depend on the path taken to reach that specific value

Question 9

state functions include:

Answer 9

density, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy ,

Question 10

path function is ……

Answer 10

Functions that depend on the path from two values are call path
functions.

Question 11

Two important examples of a path function are:

Answer 11

heat and work

Question 12

Process ………

Answer 12

is any change in a system that results in a change in pressure, temperature, or volume (thermodynamic coordinates).

Question 13

Isothermal process is ………

Answer 13

it is the process in which the change is under a constant temperature

Question 14

An isothermal process is one where the temperature………

Answer 14

does not change.

Question 15

Adiabatic process :………

Answer 15

It is the process in which there is
no change in the amount of heat and takes place in an isolated system

Question 16

An adiabatic process is one where there is no heat flow into or out of the system
T/F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Isobaric process : is……

Answer 17

: it is the process in which change is under constant pressure

Question 18

reversible process is ……

Answer 18

A thermodynamic process (state i → state f ) is said to be reversible if the process can be turned back to such that both the system and the surroundings return to their original states, with no other change anywhere else in the universe. Changes are infinitesimally small in a reversible process.

Question 19

Irreversible process

Answer 19

is one in which the system and its environment cannot return together to exactly the states that they were in. the thermodynamic coordinates are not homogeneous when the operation is performed

Question 20

All Spontaneous processes are____________

Answer 20

irreversible

Question 21

All Real processes are__________

Answer 21

irreversible

Question 22

Thermal equilibrium is ……

Answer 22

: when the temperature is the same throughout the entire system.

Question 23

Mechanical equilibrium: is……

Answer 23

when there is no change in pressure at any point of the system. However, the pressure may vary within the system due to gravitational effects.

Question 24

Chemical equilibrium: ……

Answer 24

when the chemical composition of a system
does not change with time, i.e., no
chemical reactions occur.

Question 25

Energy States : 3

Answer 25

1️⃣-Unstable: falling or rolling 2️⃣-Stable: at rest in lowest energy state 3️⃣-Metastable: generally has a shorter lifetime than the lowest

Question 26

**Open** System is …….

Answer 26

which is the system that allows the exchange of matter and energy between the system and the surrounding medium.

Question 27

**Closed ** system is…….

Answer 27

which allows the exchange of energy only between the system and the surrounding medium in the form of heat or work.

Question 28

**Isolated ** system is …….

Answer 28

does not allow the transfer of any of the energy and matter between the system and the surrounding medium.

Question 29

**First law of thermodynamics** states that :

Answer 29

energy is Conserved; can neither be created nor destroyed, only altered in form

Question 30

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics is a statement of____________

Answer 30

conservation of energy

Question 31

The internal energy of a system can changes in two general ways As heat or as work T/F

Answer 31

T