LEC8: Peacekeeping Flashcards

Question

# s What are the pillars of R2P?

Answer 1

Pillar 1 * “The State carries the primary responsibility for protecting populations from genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing, and their incitement.” Pillar 2 * “The international community has a responsibility to encourage and assist States in fulfilling this responsibility.” Pillar 3 * “The international community has a responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other means to protect populations from these crimes. If a State is manifestly failing to protect its populations, the international community must be prepared to take collective action to protect populations, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations

Answer 2

State sovereignty implies responsibility, and the primary responsibility for the protection of its people lies with the state itself. Where a population is suffering serious harm, as a result of internal war, insurgency, repression or state failure, and the state in question is unwilling or unable to halt or avert it, the principle of non-intervention yields to the international responsibility to protect.

Answer 3

1. Obligations inherent in the concept of sovereignty. 2. The responsibility of the Security Council, under Article 24 of the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. 3. Specific legal obligations under human rights and human protection declarations, covenants and treaties, international humanitarian law and national law. 4. The developing practice of states, regional organizations and the Security Council itself.

Answer 4

1. The responsibility to prevent responsibilities: To address both the root causes and direct causes of internal conflict and other man-made crises putting populations at risk. 2. The responsibility to react To respond to situations of compelling human need with appropriate measures, which may include coercive measures like sanctions and international prosecution, and in extreme cases military intervention. 3. The responsibility to rebuild To provide, particularly after a military intervention, full assistance with recovery, reconstruction and reconciliation, addressing the causes of the harm the intervention was designed to halt or avert.

Answer 5

To be warranted, there must be serious and irreparable harm occurring to human beings, or imminently likely to occur, of the following kind: 1. Large scale loss of life 2. Large scale ‘ethnic cleansing’ Precautions: 1. Right intention The primary purpose of the intervention must be to halt human suffering. 2. Last resort When every non-military option for the prevention or peaceful resolution of the conflict has been explored. 3. Proportional means The scale, duration and intensity of the planned military intervention should be the minimum necessary to secure the defined human protection objective. 4. Reasonable prospects There must be a reasonable chance of success in halting or averting the suffering. Additionally, military intervention can only be carried out by a right authority. There is no better or more appropriate body than the United Nations Security Council to authorize military intervention for human protection purposes and Security Council authorization should in all cases be sought prior to any military intervention action being carried out. The Permanent Five members of the Security Council should agree not to apply their veto power, in matters where their vital state interests are not involved.

Answer 6

Peacebuilding: processes and activities that are undertaken to prevent outbreak escalation, continuation, or recurrence of violent conflict and to peace. Very broad, wide range of activities. Holistic, focus on root causes, longer-term

Answer 7

**Democratic peace ** Conflicts are resolved through democratic means which channels violent tendencies into non-violent politics. To obtain peace: build and strengthen democratic institutions, focus on elections. ** Liberal peace ** It is too costly to go to war with each other if you dependent on each other for free trade. So interdependencies of economic relations and self-interests of free traders. To obtain peace: also liberalize the economy and strenghten market dynamics. **Everyday peace ** Peace is not necessarily created through topdown solutions, so a strong state or strong economy, but through daily conflict resolution processes that happen at the local level. Sometimes known as critical peacebuilding. To obtain peace: focus on local conflict resolution and intergroup reconciliation.

Answer 8

Statebuilding is ‘premised on the recognition that achieving security and development in societies emerging from civil war partly depends on the existence of capable, autonomous and legitimate institutions.’ So outsiders should build those institutions. But this is hyperintrusive and so hypercomplex. If you’re not careful it can look like modernday colonialism. ‘We’re going to take over your country if you like it or not’. ridden with dilemmas and contradictions.

Answer 9

Peacekeeping: Peacekeeping is an activity that helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace. It involves active work to stop or prevent conflict between nations or communities, especially by an international military force. Peacebuilding: Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict Statebuilding: Statebuilding is the activity of building or strengthening the institutions and infrastructure of a weak or failing state, typically by a foreign power. It refers to political and historical processes of creation, institutional consolidation, stabilization and sustainable development of states, from the earliest emergence of statehood up to the modern times. Statebuilding is often employed in relation to conflict and post-conflict strategies, and acts as a coordinating goal for intervening international actors.

LEC8: Peacekeeping Flashcards

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