Lect 1 - Basic Terms + Amputation Site Terminology

Question 1

What is the difference between a prosthetic and an orthotic?

Answer 1

simply put, a prosthetic = a REPLACEMENT OR SUBSTITUTE for a body part (leg, arm, tooth, eye, facial bone, palate)

an orthotic = a device used to assist, support, align, or prevent/correct the function of movable body parts –> wrist brace, splints, cast. etc.

Question 2

facial bones, palate replacements, hip/knee/a joint, leg, arm, tooth, and eye are all examples of ______

Answer 2

prosthetics

Question 3

A brace or splint are an example of ____

Answer 3

orthotics

Question 4

Prosthetics are _____ _____ of a body part

(tooth, eye, facial bone, palate, hip/knee/ a bodily joint, leg, arm)

Answer 4

artificial replacements

Question 5

Orthotics are ____, _____, or ____ used to support, align, prevent, or correct the function of a moving body part

Question 6

Orthotics are a support, brace, or splint used to ____, ____, ____, or ____ a moving body part

Answer 6

support, align, prevent, or correct the function of

Question 7

Orthotics are a support, brace, or splint used to support, align, prevent, or correct the function of ________

Answer 7

a moveable part of the body

Question 8

residual limb is a much better term than ___. Can typically shrink for ___.

Answer 8

stump, 6-12 months

Question 9

______= The portion of the arm or leg remaining after an amputation, sometimes referred to as a stump or residuum. Can shrink for ____

Answer 9

residual limb, 6-12 months

Question 10

Residual limb

Answer 10

The portion of the arm or leg remaining after an amputation, sometimes referred to as a stump or residuum.

Question 11

Rigid dressing

Answer 11

mildly compressive total contact plaster wrap applied immediately following surgery to control pain and edema

Question 12

mildly compressive total contact plaster wrap applied immediately following surgery to control pain and edema

Answer 12

Rigid dressing

Question 13

Rigid dressing = mildly compressive _______ applied ____ following surgery to control pain and edema

Answer 13

total contact plaster wrap, immediately

Question 14

Rigid dressing = ____ compressive total contact plaster wrap applied immediately following ____ to control ____ and ____

Answer 14

mildly, surgery, pain & edema

Question 15

Immediate Postsurgical Prosthesis (IPOP) = _____, pylon and foot-ankle assembly.

Applied immediately after surgery, and is used as an early form of prosthetic intervention. The benefit of being fit with an IPOP prosthesis is early ambulation if allowed by your physician

• Can help with image/psychsoc. PWB/TTWB
• FYI :
  
  • can assist in wound healing and residual limb maturation.
  • minimize postsurgical edema and pain.
  • provide psychological benefit of early ambulation.

Answer 15

…

Question 16

Reinforced rigid dressing that is applied immediately after surgery is known as an _____

Answer 16

Immediate Postsurgical Prosthesis (IPOP)

Question 17

Preparatory prosthesis*

is ____ but not _____. Worn to expedite _____ and RL ____. Permits better evaluation of prosthetic needs

Answer 17

functional, cosmetic

training, maturation

Question 18

Preparatory prosthesis*

Answer 18

a temporary prosthesis that allows progressive weight-bearing, so patient can relearn walking

Question 19

Preparatory prosthesis*

Answer 19

a temporary prosthesis that allows progressive weight-bearing, so patient can relearn walking

Question 20

Preparatory prosthesis (FYI)

Once wound has healed, pt may be ready for a prosthesis (artificial leg). A prosthesis can help pt regain the ability to walk. Pt starts by working with a prosthetist - an expert who makes and fits the prosthesis. At first, you’ll be fitted with a preparatory or temporary prosthesis. Later, you’ll get your definitive or permanent prosthesis. In some cases, the preparatory prosthesis will serve as the definitive prosthesis. Your activity level and goals help decide the type of definitive prosthesis that will be best for you.

The preparatory prosthesis is fairly basic in design. It has a socket, which fits around your residual limb. The socket is attached to a pylon (pipe) that supports your limb. Or, the socket may lead to a knee-like joint, if needed. The pylon then extends down to a solid foot piece. The foot piece has a cover that makes it look more like a natural foot.

Answer 20

…

Question 21

______ = replacement for a missing limb which meets accepted standards for comfort, fit, alignment, function, appearance and durability

Answer 21

Definitive Prosthesis

Question 22

Definitive Prosthesis = ______replacement for a missing limb which meets accepted standards for comfort, fit, alignment, function, appearance and durability

Answer 22

permanent* , comfort, fit, alignment, function, appearance & durability

Question 23

Definitive Prosthesis = ______replacement for a missing limb which meets accepted standards for ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___.

Answer 23

permanent* , comfort, fit, alignment, function, appearance & durability

Question 24

Definitive Prosthesis (FYI)

You’ll get a definitive prosthesis when your residual limb volume is stable. It may take 6 to 12 months until you are ready. Even with a definitive prosthesis, you will still need to adjust sock ply as needed. The type of prosthesis you get will depend on your health and special needs. You may continue to use the preparatory prosthesis, and it will serve as your definitive prosthesis. Your definitive prosthesis may have:

• A more advanced knee or foot design.
• A more “natural” look.
• Features for special tasks or higher activity levels.

Answer 24

…

Question 25

**Socket =** \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Open component that fits the residual limb

Question 26

the open component that fits the residual limb is called the \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

**Socket**

Question 27

**Pylon=** \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

adjustable rigid supporting tube attached to socket or knee unit on one end, and foot-ankle assembly on distal end

Question 28

adjustable rigid supporting tube attached to socket or knee unit on one end, and foot-ankle assembly on distal end = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

**Pylon**

Question 29

**Knee unit = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_** these are included in ____ prosthetics

Answer 29

knee units = when a knee is included in the prosthetic AKA (above the knee)

Question 30

**Foot/Ankle Assembly = \_\_\_\_\_\_**

Answer 30

The portion in contact with the ground

Question 31

The portion of the prosthetic that comes in contact with the ground = \_\_\_

Answer 31

**Foot/Ankle Assembly**

Question 32

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = toe terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

phalangeal

Question 33

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = forefoot terminology = _______ OR \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

_ray resection_ → meaning, one or more COMPLETE metatarsal **_Transmetatarsa_**l → meaning, across the metatarsal shaft

Question 34

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote a **ray resection = _____ , and falls under a ______ type amputation**

Answer 34

one or more COMPLETE metatarsal, forefoot

Question 35

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote a **Transmetatarsal** amputation = _____ ; it is considered a _____ type amputation

Answer 35

across the metatarsal shaft forefoot

Question 36

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = midfoot terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 36

**partial foot** (chopart, Boyd, pirogoff)

Question 37

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = at the ankle terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

Syme

Question 38

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = below the knee terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

**transtibial** (long, standard, short)

Question 39

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = at the knee terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 39

**knee disarticulation**

Question 40

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** **_FYI_**

Answer 40

…

Question 41

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = at the hip terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

**hip disarticulation**

Question 42

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = at the pelvis terminology = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

**hemipelvectomy**

Question 43

JUST FYI to look over

Question 44

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **phalangeal**

Answer 44

**toe**

Question 45

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **ray resection** or **transmetatarsal**

Answer 45

**forefoot**

Question 46

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = partial foot (chopart, Boyd, Pirogoff)

Answer 46

**midfoot**

Question 47

Chopart, Boyd, and Pirogoff amputation are partial foot amputations that occur at the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

**midfoot** site

Question 48

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **Syme**

Answer 48

**at the ankle**

Question 49

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **transtibial** (long, standard, short)

Answer 49

**below the knee**

Question 50

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **knee disarticulation**

Answer 50

at the knee

Question 51

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **transfemoral** (long, standard, short)

Answer 51

above the knee ## Footnote **AKA**

Question 52

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **hip disarticulation**

Answer 52

**at the hip**

Question 53

**_Amputation Site Terminology_** ## Footnote site = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terminology = **hemipelvectomy**

Answer 53

**at the pelvis**

Question 54

**_Limb Measurement Definitions_** **transtibial** = \_\_\_\_

Answer 54

measurement from medial tibial plateau to end of bone with knee extended

Question 55

**_Limb Measurement Definitions_** measurement from _medial tibial plateau_ to _end of bone_ with knee extended

Answer 55

**transtibial**

Question 56

**_Limb Measurement Definitions_** **Transtibial** = measurement from _____ to ____ with knee *extended*

Answer 56

medial tibial plateau, end of bone

Question 57

**_Limb Measurement Definitions_** **transfemoral = \_\_\_\_**

Answer 57

measure from ischial tuberosity to bone end with hip extended

Question 58

**_Limb Measurement Definitions_** measure from ischial tuberosity to bone end with hip extended = \_\_\_\_

Answer 58

**Transfemoral**

Question 59

**_Limb Measurement Definitions_** **Transfemoral =** measure from \_\_\_\_to ____ with *hip extended*

Answer 59

ischial tuberosity, bone end

Question 60

**_Team members and their roles_** **Physicians:** * Often serves as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * Assesses \_\_\_\_\_, performs surgery, monitors \_\_\_\_\_\_ * Monitors and manages \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * Monitors condition of remaining extremity for patients with \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 60

* coordinator of the team * need for amputation, healing of suture line * patient's overall medical care and health status * peripheral vascular disease (PVD), neuropathy, or diabetes

Question 61

**_Team members and their roles_** **PTs** * Provides ______ about the rehabilitation process and instruction in single limb mobility * Designs and manages a ______ that focuses on mobility and preparation for prosthetic training * Evaluates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; can make recommendations for prosthetic fitting * Designs and manages ______ that focuses on _____ and \_\_\_\_\_ * Monitors ____ for patients with \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_.

Answer 61

* preoperative education * pre-prosthetic rehabilitation program * patient's readiness for prosthetic fitting * a prosthetic training program; functional ambulation; prosthetic management * condition of the remaining extremity; PVD, neuropathy, or diabetes

Question 62

**_Team members and their roles_** **PT** * Provides preoperative education about ____ and \_\_\_\_ * Designs and manages a pre-prosthetic rehabilitation program that focuses on \_\_\_\_\_\_ * Evaluates patient's readiness for prosthetic fitting; can make recommendations for \_\_\_\_ * Designs and manages a prosthetic training program that focuses on ____ and \_\_\_\_ * Monitors condition of the \_\_\_\_\_\_for patients with PVD, neuropathy, or diabetes

Answer 62

* the rehabilitation process; instruction in single limb mobility * mobility and preparation for prosthetic training * prosthetic fitting * functional ambulation * prosthetic management * remaining extremity

Question 63

**_Team members and their roles_** **Prosthetist** * \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, ____ the prosthesis * ____ the prosthesis to individuals, adjusts \_\_\_\_\_ * _____ components when necessary * Monitors \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and _____ of the prosthesis * Monitors _______ of the ______ for patients with PVD, neuropathy, or diabetes

Answer 63

* Designs, fabricates, and fits * Adapts, alignment * repairs/replaces * fit, function, and comfort * condition, remaining extremity

Question 64

**_Team members and their roles_** **Prosthetist** * Designs, fabricates, and fits the prosthesis * Adapts the prosthesis to individuals, adjusts alignment * repairs/replaces components when necessary * _____ fit, function, and comfort of the prosthesis * Monitors condition of the remaining extremity for patients with \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_

Answer 64

* Monitors * PVD, neuropathy, or diabetes

Question 65

**_Team members and their roles_** **OT** * Assesses and treats patients with _____ amputation, monitors ____ for prosthetic fitting, and ____ components * Assists with ____ in _____ for patients with upper OR lower limb amputations * Makes recommendations for _____ modification and ______ to facilitate \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 65

* upper extremity, readiness, recommends * problem solving, activities of daily living * environmental, assistive/adaptive equipment, functional independence\*\*\*

Question 66

**_Team members and their roles_** **Social worker** * Provides ____ and \_\_\_\_\_ * Acts as ____ with third-party payers and community agencies * Assists with patient's AND family's \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_

Answer 66

* financial counseling; coordination of support services * liaison * social, psychological, and financial issues

Question 67

**_Team members and their roles_** **Social worker** * Provides financial counseling and coordination of support services * Acts as liaison with ____ and \_\_\_\_ * Assists with patient's and family's social, psychological, and financial issues

Answer 67

* third-party payers; community agencies

Question 68

**_Team members and their roles_** **Dietitian** * Evaluates ____ and provides nutritional counseling, especially for patients with: * \_\_\_\_ * \_\_\_\_ * Patients who are on \_\_\_ * patients \_\_\_\_

Answer 68

* nutritional status * diabetes * heart disease * chemotherapy * recovering from trauma

Question 69

**_Team members and their roles_** **Nurse/ NP** * Monitors patient's ____ and ____ during rehabilitation * Provides ongoing ____ on \_\_\_\_\_and ____ issues * Monitors condition of remaining extremity for patients with \_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_

Answer 69

* health and functional status * patient education; comorbid and chronic health * PVD, neuropathy, or diabetes

Question 70

**_Team members and their roles_** **Vocational Counselor** * Assesses ____ and \_\_\_ * Assists with \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 70

* patient's employment status and potential * education, training, and placement

Question 71

**_ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES_** Prosthetists provide care to patients with partial or total absence of limbs by designing, fabricating, and fitting prostheses or artificial limbs. The prosthetist creates the design to fit the individual's particular functional and cosmetic needs; selects the appropriate materials and components; makes all necessary casts, measurements, and modifications (including static and dynamic alignment); evaluates the fit and function of the prosthesis on the patient; and teaches the patient how to care for the pros(Lusardi 2)

Question 72

**_ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES_** **Prosthetist** Prosthetists provide care to patients with ____ OR ______ by designing, fabricating, and fitting ____ or \_\_\_\_. The prosthetist *_creates*_ the design to fit the individual's _*particular_*functional and cosmetic needs → * *selects* the appropriate materials and components * *makes all necessary* \_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and ____ (including static and dynamic alignment) * *_evaluates_* the \_\_\_\_\_; * *_teaches_* the patient how to _____ (Lusardi 2)

Answer 72

* _partial_ OR _total absence_ of limbs; prostheses; artificial limbs * casts, measurements, and modifications * fit and function of the prosthesis on the patient * care for the prosthesis

Question 73

**_ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES_** ## Footnote **Orthotist** Orthotists provide care to patients with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments that contribute to functional limitation and disability by designing, fabricating, and fitting orthoses, or custom-made braces. The orthotist is responsible for evaluating the patient's functional and cosmetic needs, designing the orthosis, and selecting appropriate components; fabricating, fitting, and aligning the orthosis; and educating the patient on appropriate use (Lusardi 2)

Question 74

**_ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES_** **Orthotist** Orthotists provide care to patients with ______ and _____ that contribute to *functional limitation* and *disability* by designing, fabricating, and fitting orthoses, OR \_\_\_\_. The orthotist is responsible for evaluating the patient's _functional_ and c_osmetic needs_, * *_designing_* \_\_\_\_\_ * *_selecting_* appropriate components → \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and ____ the orthosis * *_educating_* the patient on ____ (Lusardi 2)

Answer 74

* neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments; OR custom-made braces * the orthosis * *_selecting_* → fabricating, fitting, aligning OR _custom-made braces_ * appropriate use

Question 75

**_ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES_** **PT** **_EARLY PHASE:_** The physical rehabilitation process for persons with amputation occurs in different stages beginning with a postoperative acute phase where positioning, skin protection, sensory and proprioceptive training, joint range of motion, muscle strengthening occurs in conjunction with general conditioning activities leading to functional training for independence in mobility including transfer skills, balance exercises, wheelchair mobility, and ambulation with assistive devices that extends to the subacute phase of rehabilitation(Lusardi 465) * The preprosthetic phase includes management of the residual limb including wound care, edema control, shaping, desensitization, and increasing joint and muscle flexibility. Strengthening of the trunk as well as the extremities is essential for prosthetic use.(Lusardi 465) * Focus on functional activities * Determine readiness for fitting and components * Coordinate prosthetic training and focus on alignment * Return to activity

Question 76

**_ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES_** **PT** **_EARLY PHASE:**_ The physical rehabilitation process for persons with amputation occurs in different stages beginning with a _**postoperative acute phase_** where positioning, skin protection, sensory and proprioceptive training, joint range of motion, muscle strengthening occurs in conjunction with general conditioning activities leading to *_functional training for independence_* in mobility including transfer skills, balance exercises, wheelchair mobility, and ambulation with assistive devices that extends to the subacute phase of rehabilitation (Lusardi 465) * The preprosthetic phase includes management of the residual limb including wound care, edema control, shaping, desensitization, and increasing joint and muscle flexibility. Strengthening of the trunk as well as the extremities is essential for prosthetic use.(Lusardi 465) * Focus on functional activities * Determine readiness for fitting and components * Coordinate prosthetic training and focus on alignment * Return to activity

Question 77

**_Causes of Amputations_** Amputations can be a result of * **_trauma_** * **_PVD_** * **_tumors/ cancer_** * **_infections_** * **_congenital/ acquired extremity deformities_**

Question 78

**_Causes of Amputations_** **_Traumatic amputation_** * Loss of \_\_\_\_\_ * ___ or ____ injury * ____ or burning * Non-union of fractures

Answer 78

* arterial supply * Avulsion/ crush * Freezing * Non-union of fractures

Question 79

**_Causes of Amputations_** **_Peripheral Vascular Disease Amputations_** * Acute \_\_\_\_ * Arterio\_\_\_\_ * Arteriosclerosis with \_\_\_\_\_\*\*\* * Arteritis * ____ disease

Answer 79

* emboli * ateriosclerosis * Arteriosclerosis with diabetes\*\*\* * Reynaud’s (disease that causes small arteries in face/ extremities to constrict when cold or stressed)

Question 80

**_Causes of Amputations_** **FYI: Reynaud's disease** causes smaller arteries that supply blood flow to the skin to narrow in response to cold or stress. The affected body parts, usually fingers and toes, might turn white or blue and feel cold and numb until blood flow improves, usually when you get warm

Question 81

**_Causes of Amputations_** **_Tumors_** * Benign * Malignant- (more often the cause)

Question 82

**_Causes of Amputations_** **_Tumors_** **T/F =** Benign tumors cause more amputations than malignant tumors

Answer 82

false! malignant tumors are more often the cause for amputations

Question 83

**_Causes of Amputations_** Infections causing amptuations * Pyogenic (pus) * Granulomatous (a small area of inflammation)

Question 84

**_Causes of Amputations_** **Congenital or acquired extremity deformities** * Terminal \_\_\_\_ * Terminal \_\_\_\_ * Permanent \_\_\_\_

Answer 84

* deficiency * deformity * nerve loss